Early Immunomodulatory Program Triggered by Protolerogenic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Drives Cardiac Transplant Outcomes.

Background: Despite ongoing improvements to regimens preventing allograft rejection, most cardiac and other organ grafts eventually succumb to chronic vasculopathy, interstitial fibrosis, or endothelial changes, and eventually graft failure. The events leading to chronic rejection are still poorly understood and the gut microbiota is a known driving force in immune dysfunction. We previously showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis profoundly influences the outcome of vascularized cardiac allografts and subsequently identified biomarker species associated with these differential graft outcomes.

Bacterial DnaK reduces the activity of anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and 5FU.

Background: Chemotherapy is a primary treatment for cancer, but its efficacy is often limited by cancer-associated bacteria (CAB) that impair tumor suppressor functions. Our previous research found that Mycoplasma fermentans DnaK, a chaperone protein, impairs p53 activities, which are essential for most anti-cancer chemotherapeutic responses.

Methods: To investigate the role of DnaK in chemotherapy, we treated cancer cell lines with M.

Rapid intestinal and systemic metabolic reprogramming in an immunosuppressed environment.

Intrinsic metabolism shapes the immune environment associated with immune suppression and tolerance in settings such as organ transplantation and cancer. However, little is known about the metabolic activities in an immunosuppressive environment. In this study, we employed metagenomic, metabolomic, and immunological approaches to profile the early effects of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, antibiotics, or both in gut lumen and circulation using a murine model.

mechanisms of immune modulation and tolerance.

is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence of in humans and model organisms is associated with autoimmune responses and impaired immune homeostasis. At the cellular level, upregulates suppressive regulatory T cells, maintains intestinal barrier function, modulates dendritic cell and macrophage activity, and dampens intestinal Th2 and Th17 programs.

Rapid intestinal and systemic metabolic reprogramming in an immunosuppressed environment.

Intrinsic metabolism shapes the immune environment associated with immune suppression and tolerance in settings such as organ transplantation and cancer. However, little is known about the metabolic activities in an immunosuppressive environment. In this study, we employed metagenomic, metabolomic, and immunological approaches to profile the early effects of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, antibiotics, or both in gut lumen and circulation using a murine model.

Microbiological profile of peri-implantitis: Analyses of peri-implant microbiome.

Purpose: To characterize the microbiome composition in peri-implant pocket of peri-implantitis and peri-implant sulcus controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Materials And Methods: In this controlled clinical cross-sectional study, 23 subjects with control implants (n = 14) and diseased implants (peri-implantitis, n = 21) were included. The peri-implant pocket/sulcus was sampled and used to extract DNA and amplify the 16S rRNA gene using universal primers targeting the V3-V4 regions.

Microbiological profile of peri-implantitis: Analyses of microbiome within dental implants.

Purpose: To characterize the microbiome composition within dental implants of peri-implantitis subjects and healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three subjects with healthy (n = 11 implants) and diseased (peri-implantitis, n = 21) implants were included in this controlled clinical cross-sectional study. Samples were obtained from internal surfaces of dental implants using sterile paper points for microbiological analysis.

Strain-specific alterations in gut microbiome and host immune responses elicited by tolerogenic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum.

The beneficial effects attributed to Bifidobacterium are largely attributed to their immunomodulatory capabilities, which are likely to be species- and even strain-specific. However, their strain-specificity in direct and indirect immune modulation remain largely uncharacterized. We have shown that B.

Genomic Confirmation of Borrelia garinii, United States.

Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder primarily caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. However, B. garinii, which has been identified on islands off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, is a cause of Lyme disease in Eurasia.

Variations in Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Across Diverse Recycled and Surface Water Irrigation Sources in the Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States: A CONSERVE Two-Year Field Study.

Reduced availability of agricultural water has spurred increased interest in using recycled irrigation water for U.S. food crop production.

Genomic hybrid capture assay to detect : an application to diagnose neuroborreliosis in horses.

Antemortem diagnosis of neuroborreliosis in horses has been hindered by both the low sensitivity of PCR testing for in CSF and the low specificity of serum:CSF ELISA ratios used to determine intrathecal antibody production against the bacterium. PCR testing of the CSF of an adult horse with acute neurologic disease for the flagellin gene was negative. However, we enriched DNA through nucleic acid hybrid capture, followed by next-generation sequencing, and identified in the CSF of the horse, confirming a diagnosis of neuroborreliosis.

Viable bacteria abundant in cigarettes are aerosolized in mainstream smoke.

Multiple studies have demonstrated that cigarettes harbor bacterial pathogens. Yet, to our knowledge, there are no published data to date on whether or not these microorganisms can be aerosolized and transmitted to the respiratory tract of users. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized cigarette bacterial communities and evaluated whether or not they could be aerosolized in mainstream smoke.

Chronic rejection as a persisting phantom menace in organ transplantation: a new hope in the microbiota?

Purpose Of Review: The microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. During organ transplantation, perturbations in microbiota influence transplant outcome. We review recent advances in characterizing microbiota and studies on regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function and mucosal and systemic immunity by microbiota and their metabolites.

Low Diversity in Nasal Microbiome Associated With Colonization and Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Neonates.

Background: is a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in neonates. Few data exist on the association of the nasal microbiome and susceptibility to neonatal colonization and infection.

Methods: We performed 2 matched case-control studies (colonization cohort-neonates who did and did not acquire colonization; bacteremia cohort-neonates who did [colonized neonates] and did not [controls] acquire colonization and neonates with bacteremia [bacteremic neonantes]).

Prospective Observational Study of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Multiple Myeloma: Microbiota Profiling and Cytokine Expression.

Purpose: Define incidence and risk factors of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and explore oral microbial signatures and host immune response as reflected by cytokine changes in saliva and serum in multiple myeloma (MM) patients on bisphosphate (BP) therapy.

Patients And Methods: A single center observational prospective study of MM patients (n = 110) on >2 years of BP, none had ONJ at enrollment. Patients were followed every 3 months for 18 months with clinical/dental examination and serial measurements of inflammatory cytokines, bone turnover markers, and angiogenic growth factors.

Coupled DNA-labeling and sequencing approach enables the detection of viable-but-non-culturable Vibrio spp. in irrigation water sources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Nontraditional irrigation water sources (e.g., recycled water, brackish water) may harbor human pathogens, including Vibrio spp.

Effect of mupirocin for Staphylococcus aureus decolonization on the microbiome of the nose and throat in community and nursing home dwelling adults.

Objective: To characterize the microbial communities of the anterior nares (nose) and posterior pharynx (throat) of adults dwelling in the community and in nursing homes before and after treatment with intranasal mupirocin.

Methods: Staphylococcus aureus-colonized adults were recruited from the community (n = 25) and from nursing homes (n = 7). S.

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance.

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms.

Nasal Microbiota and Infectious Complications After Elective Surgical Procedures.

Importance: The association of the nasal microbiome with outcomes in surgical patients is poorly understood.

Objective: To characterize the composition of nasal microbiota in patients undergoing clean elective surgical procedures and to examine the association between characteristics of preoperative nasal microbiota and occurrence of postoperative infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Using a nested matched case-control design, 53 individuals who developed postoperative infection were matched (approximately 3:1 by age, sex, and surgical procedure) with 144 individuals who were not infected (ie, the control group).