Aβ42 biomarker linked to insula, striatum, thalamus and claustrum in dementia with Lewy bodies.

The differential mechanisms between proteinopathies and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remain unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a voxel-based morphometry and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker (α-synuclein, Aβ42, t-Tau and p-Tau) level correlation study in patients with DLB, AD and mixed cases (AD + DLB). Cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained by lumbar puncture and whole-brain T1-weighted images were collected in the AlphaLewyMA cohort.

Shaping tomorrow: how the STEP training course pioneered noninvasive brain stimulation training for psychiatry in France.

Over the past three decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have gained worldwide attention and demonstrated therapeutic potential in various medical fields, particularly psychiatry. The emergence of these novel techniques has led to an increased need for robust training programs to provide practitioners, whether clinicians or scientists, with the necessary skills and knowledge. In response, a comprehensive training curriculum for NIBS in psychiatry has been developed in France.

Neuroimaging of autobiographical memory in dementia with Lewy bodies: a story of insula.

Although deficits in learning and retrieving new information are well characterized in dementia with Lewy bodies, autobiographical memory has never been explored in this disease. Yet, autobiographical memory impairments are a pervasive feature of dementia, well characterized in other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, autobiographical memory corresponds to an extension over time of the self, which we hypothesize is altered in dementia with Lewy bodies and impairment of which could be linked to the insular atrophy occurring from an early stage of the disease.

Teriflunomide, cognition and MRI: A longitudinal study.

Background: As cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent and disabling symptom, it is particularly important to identify treatments that have proven efficacy in this aspect of the disease. Several disease-modifying therapies for MS have been evaluated and shown to have a potential effect on cognition and its neurobiological correlates, but to date there is very little data on Teriflunomide (TRF). The aim of this study is to explore the influence of TRF on comprehensive cognitive function and its MRI correlations (global and focal brain volume) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) after two years of therapy.

Predicted Expenditure for Prescription Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis in the Italian Market Between 2023 and 2028: Results of the Oracle Project.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that leads to impaired cognitive function and accumulation of disability, with significant socioeconomic burden. Serious unmet need in the context of managing MS has given rise to ongoing research efforts, leading to the launch of new drugs planned for the near future, and subsequent concerns about the sustainability of healthcare systems. This study assessed the changes in the Italian MS market and their impact on the expenditures of the Italian National Healthcare Service between 2023 and 2028.

The Use of Pulmonary Artery Catheters and Echocardiography in the Cardiac Surgery Setting: A Nationwide Italian Survey.

Objective: Wide variations exist in the use of pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) and echocardiography in the field of cardiac surgery.

Design: A national survey promoted by the Italian Association of Cardio-Thoracic Anesthesiologists and Intensive Care was conducted.

Setting: The study occurred in Italian cardiac surgery centers (n = 71).

An Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Captive Armadillos Associated with Gamma Variant in Argentina.

The current pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants represent an example of the one health concept in which humans and animals are components of the same epidemiologic chain. Animal reservoirs of these viruses are thus the focus of surveillance programs, to monitor their circulation and evolution in potentially new hosts and reservoirs. In this work, we report the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant infection in four specimens of Chaetophractus villosus (big hairy armadillo/armadillo peludo) in Argentina.

Neuroanatomical substrates of depression in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are often associated with depressive symptoms from the prodromal stage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of depression in prodromal to mild DLB patients compared with AD patients. Eighty-three DLB patients, 37 AD patients, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study.

Who am I with my Lewy bodies? The insula as a core region of the self-concept networks.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by insular atrophy, which occurs at the early stage of the disease. Damage to the insula has been associated with disorders reflecting impairments of the most fundamental components of the self, such as anosognosia, which is a frequently reported symptom in patients with Lewy bodies (LB). The purpose of this study was to investigate modifications of the self-concept (SC), another component of the self, and to identify neuroanatomical correlates, in prodromal to mild DLB.

Case report: accelerated cathodal HD-tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in hoarding disorder.

Hoarding disorder is an under-recognized condition characterized by the excessive acquisition of possessions and difficulty in disposing of them, which can have dramatic consequences. As hoarding disorder is difficult to treat and associated with high levels of disability in all areas of functioning, there appears to be a critical need to develop novel, tailored therapeutic strategies. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques hold promise as potential therapeutic interventions for various psychiatric conditions and as a tool to modulate impulsivity when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

Unraveling the brain mechanisms of source monitoring with non-invasive brain stimulation: A systematic review.

Background/objective: Source monitoring refers to the ability to determine the source of memories and encompasses three subprocesses: internal source monitoring, reality monitoring, and external source monitoring. Neuroimaging studies provide valuable insights about neural correlates of source monitoring, but the causal relationship between brain and behavior is lacking. This study aimed to identify brain circuits involved in source monitoring by synthesizing the effects of brain stimulation on source monitoring as a function of the targeted brain regions or circuits.

Neural basis of writing in prodromal to mild dementia with lewy bodies.

Objectives: We have previously demonstrated difficulties in written production in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. We now aim to determine the neural correlates of writing production in DLB, combining clinical data and structural MRI measures.

Method: Sixteen prodromal to mild DLB patients were selected to participate in the study.

Mechanistic account of the left auditory cortex for tone-matching in schizophrenia: A pilot transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) sham-controlled study.

Objective: Deficits in the ability to match tones following brief delay and their contribution to higher-order cognitive alterations have been repeatedly documented in schizophrenia. The aim was to explore if left fronto-temporal high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS), with electrodes placed over brain regions involved in tone-matching would significantly modulate performances in participants with schizophrenia.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind sham-controlled study, 10 participants with schizophrenia were allocated to receive ten sessions of either active or sham hf-tRNS.

Manipulating ΔFOSB in D1-Type Medium Spiny Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens Reshapes Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity.

Background: The transcription factor ΔFOSB, acting in the nucleus accumbens, has been shown to control transcriptional and behavioral responses to opioids and other drugs of abuse. However, circuit-level consequences of ΔFOSB induction on the rest of the brain, which are required for its regulation of complex behavior, remain unknown.

Methods: We used an epigenetic approach in mice to suppress or activate the endogenous Fosb gene and thereby decrease or increase, respectively, levels of ΔFOSB selectively in D1-type medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and tested whether these modifications affect the organization of functional connectivity (FC) in the brain.

Effectiveness of teriflunomide on No Evidence of Disease Activity and cognition in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the NEDA3PLUS study.

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a prevalent and debilitating manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, it is not included in the widely used concept of No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA-3). We expanded the NEDA-3 concept to NEDA-3 + by encompassing CI assessed through the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT) and evaluated the effect of teriflunomide on NEDA3 + in patients treated in a real-world setting. The value of NEDA-3 + in predicting disability progression was also assessed.

The neural signature of reality-monitoring: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies.

Distinguishing imagination and thoughts from information we perceived from the environment, a process called reality-monitoring, is important in everyday situations. Although reality monitoring seems to overlap with the concept of self-monitoring, which allows one to distinguish self-generated actions or thoughts from those generated by others, the two concepts remain largely separate cognitive domains and their common brain substrates have received little attention. We investigated the brain regions involved in these two cognitive processes and explored the common brain regions they share.

Neural correlates of photophobia in prodromal and mild dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background And Objectives: Photophobia is a sensory disturbance provoked by light. Little is known about the association between photophobia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In this study, we aimed to identify the frequency and the neural basis of photophobia in prodromal and mild DLB.

Acute kidney injury in patients with acute decompensated heart failure-cardiogenic shock: Prevalence, risk factors and outcome.

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a major complication of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock (CS). There is a paucity of data on AKI complicating acutely decompensated heart failure patients presenting with CS (ADHF-CS). We aimed to investigate AKI prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in this subgroup of patients.

Basic auditory processing and its relationship with symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review.

Processing of basic auditory features, one of the earliest stages of auditory perception, has been the focus of considerable investigations in schizophrenia. Although numerous studies have shown abnormalities in pitch perception in schizophrenia, other basic auditory features such as intensity, duration, and sound localization have been less explored. Additionally, the relationship between basic auditory features and symptom severity shows inconsistent results, preventing concrete conclusions.

Identification of coronaviruses in bats and rodents in northern and central Argentina.

Due to the present pandemic situation and the many animal species that are epidemiologically involved, there has been a surge of renewed interest in investigating the coronavirus (CoV) population circulating in wildlife, especially bats and rodents, which are potential reservoirs of new human pathogens. In Argentina, information about the viruses present in these mammals is very limited. To investigate the presence of coronaviruses in this country, we obtained 457 samples from hematophagous, insectivorous, and frugivorous bats and rodents from two regions of Argentina.

Ts66Yah, a mouse model of Down syndrome with improved construct and face validity.

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships, the identification of driver genes and various proofs of concept for therapeutics have benefited from mouse models. The premier model, named Ts(1716)65Dn/J (Ts65Dn), displayed phenotypes related to human DS features.

High-Frequency Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation for Auditory Hallucinations of Schizophrenia: A Case Series.

Transcranial electrical stimulation has been proposed as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for reducing treatment-resistant symptoms of schizophrenia-in particular, auditory hallucinations. However, the high variability observed in the clinical response leaves much room to optimize the stimulation parameters and strengthen its benefits. We proposed to investigate the effects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS), which is supposed to induce larger effects than conventional direct current stimulation.