Functional connectivity and metabolic brain alterations in sleepwalkers.

Objective: Disorders of arousal (DoA) are characterized by an intermediate state between wakefulness and deep sleep, leading to incomplete awakenings from NREM sleep. Multimodal studies have shown subtle neurophysiologic alterations even during wakefulness in DoA. The aim of this study was to explore the brain functional connectivity in DoA and the metabolic profile of the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, given its pivotal role in cognitive and emotional processing.

Neuropsychological awareness in pediatrics (NAP): Proposal of a new cognitive self-report questionnaire for pediatric multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Self-perception of cognitive functioning in pediatric MS (pedMS) needs to be evaluated with specific questionnaires, currently lacking. This study aimed to develop a self-reportwhich investigates cognitive status in pedMS.

Methods: Twenty-seven pedMS patients (mean age±standard deviation=15 years±1.

Factors influencing somatic cell count and leukocyte composition in cow milk: a field study.

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of studies investigating the composition of somatic cell count (SCC) of milk, focusing on neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), and macrophages (MAC). These 3 components are indeed crucial for the animal's immune response to mastitis-causing pathogens. The study examined various factors influencing somatic cell count and leucocyte components in cow milk, including lactation stage, parity, and milk electrical conductivity, using data from 179 dairy cows across 6 farms throughout the entire lactation.

Psychological Features of Fibromyalgia in the Psychological Health Services.

Patients with health pathologies may exhibit psychological features in addition to medical symptomatology. A sample of 76 Italian women with an age range between 23 and 78 years old (mean = 50.22 ± 10.

Auto-Global Examination of Mental State (Auto-GEMS): a web-based self-administered cognitive screening.

Recent methodological developments have contributed to a significant advance in computerised neuropsychological instruments and procedures, including those accessible from remote. In this paper we present Auto-GEMS, a newly developed, web-based, self-administered screening test allowing to quickly estimate an individual's cognitive state also considering their cognitive reserve. Auto-GEMS measures cognitive functioning on eleven items similarly to the in-person paper-and-pencil version (GEMS) and to the remote (phone or video call) version (Tele-GEMS) of the same screening.

Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood.

Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation.

Physiological movements during sleep in healthy adults across all ages: a video-polysomnographic analysis of non-codified movements reveals sex differences and distinct motor patterns.

Study Objectives: To define sleep-related movements in healthy adults according to sex and age.

Methods: Sleep-related movements from 50 video-polysomnography (vPSG) recordings of 27 men and 23 women, from 20 to 70 years old, were classified according to International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-3-TR) and American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria (codified movements); the remaining movements (non-codified movements) were described according to type (elementary movements-EMs or complex movements-CMs), topography (focal, segmental, multifocal or generalized) and, if present, were assigned to motor patterns (MPs).

Results: Of 4057 movements analyzed, 54.

Cognitive reserve proxies for individuals with intellectual developmental disability: A scoping review.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) has not been studied in people with Intellectual Developmental Disability, a population with a high incidence of dementia. Commonly adopted CR proxies should be adapted to reflect more specifically the experiences of people with Intellectual Developmental Disability.

Method: This scoping review intended to identify CR proxies relevant to people with this condition.

Relationship between lifestyle proxies of cognitive reserve and cortical regions in older adults.

Introduction: With the rapid increase in the population over 65 years old, research on healthy aging has become one of the priorities in the research community, looking for a cost-effective method to prevent or delay symptoms of mild cognitive disorder or dementia. Studies indicate that cognitive reserve theory could be beneficial in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between lifestyle socio-behavioral proxies of cognitive reserve and cortical regions in adults with no subjective cognitive decline.

The Telephone Language Screener (TLS): standardization of a novel telephone-based screening test for language impairment.

Background: This study aimed at developing and standardizing the Telephone Language Screener (TLS), a novel, disease-nonspecific, telephone-based screening test for language disorders.

Methods: The TLS was developed in strict pursuance to the current psycholinguistic standards. It comprises nine tasks assessing phonological, lexical-semantic and morpho-syntactic components, as well as an extra Backward Digit Span task.

Over ninety years old: Does high cognitive reserve still help brain efficiency?

Nonagenarians and centenarians, also called oldest-old, are a very heterogeneous population that counts a limited number of individuals as it is a real challenge to reach this goal. Even if it is well known that cognitive reserve can be considered a factor in maintaining good cognitive functioning in ageing, only very few studies have been carried out on the role of cognitive reserve (CR) in the oldest-old people. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive functioning in a population living in a specific region of Italy, the Blue Zone in Sardinia.

Risk factors of high somatic cell count and differential somatic cells in early lactation associated with selective dry cow therapy.

The routine use of intramammary antimicrobial products in all dairy cows at the beginning of the dry period is no longer allowed in European Union (EU) countries due to the new Regulation (EU) 2019/6 to reduce antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated the application of a selective dry cow therapy scheme and the risk factors of high individual milk somatic cell count (SCC) and individual neutrophil count in early lactation, as a response to the application of a selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) protocol. The study was carried out on three commercial farms, and a total of 243 lactating cows were monitored at the end of lactation and at the beginning of the next one, 91 of which were dried off without the use of antimicrobials (NoT) based on milk SCC, differential somatic cell count (DSCC), and the response of Vetscan DC-Q milk analyser, using a secret algorithm.

Clinical Profiles in Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive Reserve and Motor Impairment along Disease Duration.

(i) Background: Cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been studied in relation to certain clinical variables (e.g., motor disability and disease duration) and lifestyle factors such as cognitive reserve (CR).

s-CRIq: the online short version of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire.

Background: The wide use of the term Cognitive Reserve (CR) is in need of a clear and shared definition of its concept and of the development of new tools, quick and easy to use and updated for the people of today. This study describes the online short CRIq (s-CRIq), the new shorter version of the CRIq, following an item analysis revision, and compares the data distribution of different samples.

Methods: The s-CRIq was administered online to 435 people while another 440 filled out the s-CRIq in self-administration.

Cognitive Reserve Potential: Capturing Cognitive Resilience Capability in Adolescence.

Cognitive reserve (CR) represents the adaptive response of the cognitive system responsible for preserving normal functioning in the face of brain damage. Experiential factors such as education, occupation, and leisure activities influence the development of CR. Theoretically, such factors build up from childhood and across adulthood.

Tele-Global Examination of Mental State (Tele-GEMS): an open tool for the remote neuropsychological screening.

Tele-neuropsychology, i.e., the application of remote audio-visual technologies to neuropsychological evaluation or rehabilitation, has become increasingly popular and widespread during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sexual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Executive Function.

Cognitive impairment and sexual dysfunction are common symptoms in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The present study focuses on the relationship between these two dimensions by means of a specific assessment commonly used in clinical practice with this population. Fifty-five persons with a diagnosis of MS underwent specific cognitive tests and answered clinical questionnaires.

The Gastropack Access System as a Model to Access Gastroenterology Services for Gastroscopy Appropriateness in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Comparison with the Open Access System.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) appropriateness in Open-Access System (OAS) is a relevant issue. The Gastropack Access System (GAS) is a new system to access gastroenterological services, based on the partnership between Gastroenterologists and GPs. This study aims to evaluate if GAS is superior to OAS in terms of EGDS appropriateness.

How long have you exercised in your life? The effect of motor reserve and current physical activity on cognitive performance.

Objectives: Aging of the population encourages research on how to preserve cognition and quality of life. Many studies have shown that (PA) positively affects cognition in older adults. However, PA carried out throughout the individual's lifespan may also have an impact on cognition in old age.

CAR t-cell therapy in BOlogNa-NEUrotoxicity TReatment and Assessment in Lymphoma (CARBON-NEUTRAL): proposed protocol and results from an Italian study.

Objective: To investigate neurotoxicity clinical and instrumental features, incidence, risk factors, and early and long-term prognosis in lymphoma patients who received CAR T-cell therapy.

Methods: In this prospective study, consecutive refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who received CAR T-cell therapy were included. Patients were comprehensively evaluated (neurological examination, EEG, brain MRI, and neuropsychological test) before and after (two and twelve months) CAR T-cells.

Long term effects of severe acquired brain injury: A follow-up investigation on the role of cognitive reserve on cognitive outcomes.

In a recent study we showed that Cognitive Reserve (CR) did not significantly predict the neuropsychological outcomes of patients with severe Acquired Brain Injury (sABI), after a rehabilitation program. The present study aims to extend the previous results by assessing the role of CR on long-term neuropsychological outcomes of a subgroup ( = 27) of that same population. Patients took part in a telephone interview, where Tele-Global Examination Mental State (Tele-GEMS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) were administered.

Violent and Complex Behaviors and Non-Restorative Sleep Are the Main Features of Disorders of Arousal in Adulthood: Real Picture or a More Severe Phenotype?

Disorders of arousal (DoA) are NREM parasomnias characterized by motor and emotional behaviors emerging from incomplete arousals from deep sleep. DoA are largely present in pediatric populations, a period during which they are labeled as self-limited manifestations. However, an extensive literature has shown that DoA can persist in adulthood, with different characteristics from childhood DoA.

Presurgical predictors of early cognitive outcome after brain tumor resection in glioma patients.

Gliomas are commonly characterized by neurocognitive deficits that strongly impact patients' and caregivers' quality of life. Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy, and it can also cause cognitive impairment. An important clinical problem is whether patients who undergo surgery will show post-surgical cognitive impairment above and beyond that present before surgery.