Cholinergic Internal and Projection Systems of Hippocampus and Neocortex Critical for Early Spatial Memory Consolidation in Normal and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Conditions in Rats with Different Abilities to Consolidation: The Role of Cholinergic Interneurons of the Hippocampus.

The role of cholinergic projection systems of the neocortex and hippocampus in memory consolidation in healthy and neuropathological conditions has been subject to intensive research. On the contrary, the significance of cholinergic cortical and hippocampal interneurons in learning has hardly been studied. We aimed to evaluate the role of both cholinergic projection neurons and interneurons of the neocortex and hippocampus at an early stage of spatial memory consolidation (2s1) in normal and chronic brain hypoperfusion conditions.

Effect of Intrahippocampal Administration of α7 Subtype Nicotinic Receptor Agonist PNU-282987 and Its Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Efficiency of Hypoxic Preconditioning in Rats.

We have previously suggested a key role of the hippocampus in the preconditioning action of moderate hypobaric hypoxia (HBH). The preconditioning efficiency of HBH is associated with acoustic startle prepulse inhibition (PPI). In rats with PPI > 40%, HBH activates the cholinergic projections of hippocampus, and PNU-282987, a selective agonist of α7 nicotinic receptors (α7nAChRs), reduces the HBH efficiency and potentiating effect on HBH of its solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, anticholinesterase agent) when administered intraperitoneally.

Opposite Pathways of Cholinergic Mechanisms of Hypoxic Preconditioning in the Hippocampus: Participation of Nicotinic α7 Receptors and Their Association with the Baseline Level of Startle Prepulse Inhibition.

(1) Background. A one-time moderate hypobaric hypoxia (HBH) has a preconditioning effect whose neuronal mechanisms are not studied well. Previously, we found a stable correlation between the HBH efficiency and acoustic startle prepulse inhibition (PPI).

[Possible use of the growing liver biological set for hepatic recovery after toxic damage (an experimental study)].

The lack of acceptable pharmacological approaches for restoration of the injured liver is associated with complex of mechanisms involved in hepatic regeneration and with difficulty of the target selection. The aim of this research was to study the hepatoprotective function of the extract from both the growing and regenerating liver containing a natural set of factors crucial for the hepatic restoration. Extracts from both regenerating liver of rats after 70% hepatic resection and the growing liver of neonatal pigs were obtained using own original technique.

New synthetic thrombin inhibitors: molecular design and experimental verification.

Background: The development of new anticoagulants is an important goal for the improvement of thromboses treatments.

Objectives: The design, synthesis and experimental testing of new safe and effective small molecule direct thrombin inhibitors for intravenous administration.

Methods: Computer-aided molecular design of new thrombin inhibitors was performed using our original docking program SOL, which is based on the genetic algorithm of global energy minimization in the framework of a Merck Molecular Force Field.

Metabolism of neurotransmitters in cortical and subcortical brain structures in rats with different behavioral characteristics.

Experiments were performed on Wistar rats with high and low locomotor activities. In rats with high locomotor activity, activities of acetylcholine transferase, acetylcholine esterase, and monoamine oxidase A increased in the subcellular fractions of the sensorimotor cortex and arcuate nucleus, while monoamine oxidase B activity decreased compared to those in rats with low locomotor activity. The peculiarities of neurotransmitter systems in brain structures of rats with different behavioral patterns were related to genetic and functional organization of the central nervous system.

[The correction of amphetamine action by the delta sleep-inducing peptide].

Effects of "delta-sleep inducing peptide" administration (60 micrograms/kg) to rats on the background of amphetamine action (2.5 mg/kg during 3 weeks) were studied. Activities of the enzymes of neurotransmitter turnover as well as the contents of biogenic amines in structures of motor cortex and caudate nucleus were investigated.

[Effect of the tetrapeptide tuftsin on activity of the monoaminergic system of the brain in experimental pathology].

Single administration of the regulating peptide tuftsin Thr- Lys-Pro-Arg (300 micrograms/kg) was shown to affect the state of the transmitter systems in the brain of rats treated with the sedative drug haloperidol in a total dosage of 15 mg/kg within 30 days. Haloperidol therapy caused reciprocal alterations in the activity of monoamine oxidases A and B, in the levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindolyl acetic acid, as well as a decrease in the rate of depolarization-dependent Ca(2+)-capture in the synaptosomes of the rat brain cortex and neostriatum (N. caudatus); under these conditions tuftsin normalized the parameters studied to a certain extent, which was more pronounced in N.