Evolutionary conserved relocation of chromatin remodeling complexes to the mitotic apparatus.

Background: ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-protein machines highly conserved across eukaryotic genomes. They control sliding and displacing of the nucleosomes, modulating histone-DNA interactions and making nucleosomal DNA more accessible to specific binding proteins during replication, transcription, and DNA repair, which are processes involved in cell division. The SRCAP and p400/Tip60 chromatin remodeling complexes in humans and the related Drosophila Tip60 complex belong to the evolutionary conserved INO80 family, whose main function is promoting the exchange of canonical histone H2A with the histone variant H2A in different eukaryotic species.

Antidepressant-like effect and toxicological parameters of extract and withanolides isolated from aerial parts of Solanum capsicoides All. (Solanaceae).

The present work describes the evaluation of the antidepressant-like activity of the extract, fractions, and compounds obtained from the aerial parts of Solanum capsicoides. The methanolic extract (MESC) obtained by conventional maceration was partitioned with solvents of increasing polarities yielding the respective fractions of hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate (EA). The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were submitted to chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, leading to the isolation and identification of cilistadiol (1), astragalin (2), and cilistol A (3).

Antiproliferative and toxicological properties of methanolic extract obtained from Solanum capsicoides All. seeds and carpesterol.

Natural products are considered important sources of potential chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity and the toxicological effects of the methanolic extract and a pure compound obtained from Solanum capsicoides seeds. The phytochemical profile was analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopy methods.

Phytochemical Analysis and Gastroprotective Activity of the Root Bark from Maytenus robusta.

The present work evaluated the chemical composition and antiulcerogenic potential of the crude extract, fractions and pure compounds isolated of roots barks from Maytenus robusta Reiss, using different pharmacological models in mice. 3,12-Dioxofriedelane (1) and 11-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3-one (2) were isolated from the n-hexane fraction, and mayteine (3) and 3,7-dioxofriedelane (4) from the dichloromethane fraction. The crude extract (50, 259, 500 mg/kg), all the fractions (250 mg/kg) and cimetidine (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the lesion index, total lesion area, and percentage of lesions, in comparison with the control group (p < 0.

Further drimane sesquiterpenes from Drimys brasiliensis stem barks with cytotoxic potential.

Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Winteraceae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. Its anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated in vitro models using extracts and isolated compounds. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of stem bark extracts of D.

Pharmacological reports about gastroprotective effects of methanolic extract from leaves of Solidago chilensis (Brazilian arnica) and its components quercitrin and afzelin in rodents.

Solidago chilensis Meyenmost (Asteraceae), popularly known as "Brazilian arnica" or "arnica-do-campo," is widely used in the folk medicine to treat gastric disorders. Based on this, the gastroprotective activity of S. chilensis methanolic extract was investigated.

Antifungal Activity of Pyranonaphthoquinones Obtained from Cipura paludosa Bulbs.

Previous studies with the bulbs of Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae) showed the presence of pyranonaphthoquinones, including eleutherine, isoeleutherine and eleutherol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of these compounds. The activity was tested against the clinically relevant yeasts Candida albicans, C.

Evaluation of the gastroprotective activity of the extracts, fractions, and pure compounds obtained from aerial parts of Rubus imperialis in different experimental models.

Previous phytochemical studies carried out with Rubus imperialis Chum. Schl. (Rosaceae) have demonstrated the presence of triterpenes (niga-ichigoside F1 and 2β,3β,19α-trihydroxyursolic acid) in this species.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-hypersensitive effects of the crude extract, fractions and triterpenes obtained from Chrysophyllum cainito leaves in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chrysophyllum cainito, popularly known as "star apple", caimito, "abiu-roxo" or "abiu-do-Pará", is a tree of about 25m in height. Besides its culinary use, it is also used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and several inflammatory diseases.

Materials And Methods: The crude methanolic extract (CME) was submitted to phytochemical studies for obtaining fractions and isolated compounds.

Euglobal-like compounds from the genus Eugenia.

Two regioisomeric meroterpenoids, Eugenial A and B, have been isolated from the fruits of Eugenia multiflora and their structures established on the basis of NMR evidences. They possess a phloroglucinol-monoterpene structure similar to the euglobals occurring in the sister genus Eucaliptus. A simple method to distinguish between regioisomeric pairs was pointed.

Topical and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli (Alismataceae).

Echinodorus macrophyllus leaf has been used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions and kidney dysfunctions. The present study evaluated the effects of leaf ethanolic extract from E. macrophyllus (EEEm) in acute and subchronic models of inflammation.

Structural determination Vitex cymosa Bertero active principle: Diastereoselective synthesis of (+/-)-trans-4-hydroxy-6-propyl-1-oxocyclohexan-2-one and its antinociceptive activity.

The diastereoselective synthesis of (+/-)-trans-4-hydroxy-6-propyl-1-oxocyclohexan-2-one, as a mixture trans:cis (3:1), was accomplished using a protocol that combine the Prins cyclization and RuO(4) oxidation. The synthesis this lactone allowed the elucidation of the correct structure of the substance isolated from the barks of Vitex cymosa. The delta-lactones mixture showed significant antinociceptive properties in preliminary tests using the tail flick model assay.

Structure-activity relationship of antibacterial chalcones.

The antibacterial activity of 31 chalcones was tested against bacterial strains, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Some of the tested chalcones showed fair to significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By comparison of the results obtained, the antibacterial activity can be related to features such as the presence of a C-4 hydroxyl group, a C-4' oxygenated substituent or a C-3' isoprenoid side chain, while the C-2' hydroxyl group might have importance for the stability of the molecule.

Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema.

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects.

Antiulcerogenic activity of fractions and 3,15-dioxo-21alpha-hydroxy friedelane isolated from Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae).

The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous-soluble fractions from leaves of Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae) were evaluated for their protective actions against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. The treatment with all fractions (150 mg/kg) and omeprazol (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced the lesion index, the total lesion area, and the percentage of lesion, in comparison with the control group (p<0.05).

Phytochemical and antinociceptive properties of Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk. barks.

A mixture of triterpenes named lupeol (1), alpha-amyrin (2), beta-amyrin (3), and beta-sitosterol (4) has been isolated from the hexane fraction of Matayba elaeagnoides. In addition, scopoletin (5), umbelliferone (6), 3beta-O-D-glycopyranosyl-sitosterol (7) and betulin (8) were isolated from the chloroform fraction. All the structures were identified by spectroscopic techniques in accordance with literature data.

Bioactive phenolic compounds from aerial parts of Plinia glomerata.

The present work describes the antinociceptive properties and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Plinia glomerata (Myrtaceae). Both of the extracts evaluated, acetonic and methanolic, showed potent antinociceptive action, when analyzed against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in mice, with calculated ID50 (mg/kg, i. p.

Antibacterial activity of extract, fractions and four compounds extracted from Piper solmsianum C. DC. VAR. solmsianum (Piperaceae).

Piper solmsianum C. DC. var.

Analysis of the mechanism of antinociceptive action of niga-ichigoside F1 obtained from Rubus imperialis (Rosaceae).

We have previously verified that niga-ichigoside F(1) (NI), a triterpene isolated from Rubus imperialis, exhibits significant and potent antinociceptive action when evaluated in some pharmacological models of pain in mice. This effect was confirmed in other experimental models and also the mechanism of action has been evaluated. The antinociception caused by NI (60 mg kg(-1)) in both phases of the formalin test was significantly attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of mice with haloperidol (a dopaminergic antagonist, 0.

Cilistepoxide and cilistadiol, two new withanolides from Solanum sisymbiifolium.

In addition to the known cilistol A, two new withanolides have been isolated from leaves and stem of Solanum sisymbiifolium, and assigned the structures 1-oxo-5,6; 22,26; 24,25-triepoxy-17,26-dihydroxyergost-2-ene and 1-oxo-22,26; 24,25-diepoxy-5,6,17,26-tetrahydroxy ergost-2-ene, namely cilistepoxide and cilistadiol.

Derivatization does not influence antimicrobial and antifungal activities of applanoxidic acids and sterols from Ganoderma spp.

Applanoxidic acids and sterols, isolated from Ganoderma spp., were acetylated and/or methylated. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes of the derivatives were investigated by a microdilution method, and compared with those of the natural products.

Antinociceptive effect of Croton celtidifolius Baill (Euphorbiaceae).

Croton celtidifolius Baill (Euphorbiaceae) is a tree found in the Atlantic forest of southern Brazil. This plant is used in folk medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases, leukaemia, ulcers and other pathologies. Previous studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the objective of this work was to investigate a possible antinociceptive action of ethanolic extract of Croton celtidifolius bark (EE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (FBuOH), and aqueous fraction (FAq) obtained from EE.

Oligomeric secoiridoid glucosides from Jasminum abyssinicum.

From the root bark of Jasminum abyssinicum (Oleaceae) collected in Congo was isolated tree oligomeric secoiridoid glucosides named craigosides A-C. The three compounds are esters of a cyclopentanoid monoterpene with an iridane skeleton, esterified with three, two and two, respectively, units of oleoside 11-methyl ester. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical correlations.

A new phenolic glycoside from Sorocea ilicifolia stem bark.

A new phenolic glycoside, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-d-apiofuranosyl (1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), was isolated from the acetone extract of the Sorocea ilicifolia stem bark, along with the known compounds, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-apiofuranosyl (1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside, benzyl-O-beta-d-apiofuranosyl (1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside, sorocein A, mulberrofuran K, kuwanon J, sorocein B, chalcomoracin, and kuwanol E.