Safe surgical training: evaluation of a national functional endoscopic sinus surgery model simulation course using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model.

Background: Simulation is a rapidly developing field in modern undergraduate skills education and postgraduate surgical training.

Aim: We aim to evaluate simulation training as a tool for higher surgical training in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which a qualitative survey and multiple-choice questionnaire were distributed to otolaryngology trainees pre- and post-FESS training course using simulation models.

Identifying and reducing risks in functional endoscopic sinus surgery through a hierarchical task analysis.

Objective: To develop a hierarchical task listing of steps required to perform successful Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). To complete a technical and human factor analysis of tasks resulting in the identification of errors, frequency of occurrence, severity, and reduction through remediation.

Methods: A triangulation of methods was used in order to derive the steps required to complete a FESS: 1) a literature review was carried out of published descriptions of FESS techniques; 2) observations of three FESS; 3) interviews with surgeons on FESS techniques.

Long-term outcomes in medial flap inferior turbinoplasty are superior to submucosal electrocautery and submucosal powered turbinate reduction.

Background: Techniques for inferior turbinate reduction vary from complete turbinectomy to limited cauterization. Surgical methods differ on the degree of tissue reduction and reliance on surgical tissue removal vs tissue ablation. The outcome and morbidity from 3 different turbinate techniques are compared.

Nasal tip projection: nuances in understanding, assessment, and modification.

Nasal tip projection refers to the anteroposterior extent to which the nasal tip is separated from the facial surface at the level of the alar-facial groove. Although its relevance in rhinoplasty is obvious, it is important to understand that changes to the projection of the nasal tip affect nasal tip rotation, dorsal height, and nasofacial aesthetic harmony. The following article discusses the subjective and objective assessment of nasal tip projection, the relevant anatomy, and tools to plan ways of modifying aspects of tip projection.

Role of the muscarinic M2 receptor in human nasal mucosa.

Introduction: Neurally mediated secretory hyperresponsiveness is a feature of allergic rhinitis (AR). Muscarinic M2 receptors are inhibitory autoreceptors which limit acetylcholine release at postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals, dysfunction of which has been implicated as a cause of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and function of M2 receptors in the human nose.

Total skeletal reconstruction of the nasal dorsum.

Objective: To review the outcomes of rhinoplasty in patients who underwent full-length dorsal reconstruction.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Private-practice facial plastic surgery clinic.

Endoscopic resection of a juvenile angiofibroma: the role of the XPS microdebrider.

Juvenile angiofibromas are vascular tumors found almost exclusively in the adolescent male. Although benign, their clinical course can be aggressive and can result in major morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic transnasal resection of juvenile angiofibromas, confined to the nose, paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa, and medial infratemporal fossa, has been a significant advance in their management, eliminating or reducing the need for extensive soft tissue and bony dissection of traditional surgical approaches.