Evaluation of antimicrobial, antiquorum sensing, and cytotoxic activities of new vanillin 1,2,3-triazole derivatives.

Vanillin (), the main constituent of vanilla species, was used as a starting natural scaffold for the synthesis of five new (-) and one known () triazole derivatives click chemistry using the copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition method. Vanillin and its new derivatives; 4-{1-[2-Hydroxymethyl-5-(5 methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrimidin-1-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-1[1,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethoxy}-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (); [4-(4-Formyl-2methoxy-phenoxymethyl)-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester (); 4-[1-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-1-[1,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethoxy]-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (); 4-[4-(1-Benzyl-1-[1,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-but-3-en-2-one (); and 4-[4-(1-Benzyl-1-[1,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one (), as well as the previously known derivative () were subjected to antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing and cytotoxic evaluation. Compounds - possessed the most notable enhancement in the anti-bacterial activity against , and antifungal activity against .

Perineal massage and training reduce perineal trauma in pregnant women older than 35 years: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of perineal massage, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and a pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) prevention educational program in pregnant women above the age of 35 years to prevent perineal tear and episiotomy.

Methods: A randomized parallel assignment study involved two groups of pregnant women at the obstetrics outpatient clinic 4 weeks prior to their due date. The first group (n = 200) was educated to do digital perineal massage and pelvic floor muscle training and received an educational PFD prevention program.

Misoprostol Prior to Diagnostic Office Hysteroscopy in the Subgroup of Patients with No Risk Factors for Cervical Stenosis: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol in minimizing the pain perceived by patients with no risk factors for cervical stenosis (i.e., parous women of reproductive age who have no history of cesarean section or cervical surgery) during diagnostic office hysteroscopy.

GnRH antagonist rescue protocol combined with cabergoline versus cabergoline alone in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of antagonist rescue protocol (replacing GnRH agonist with GnRH antagonist and reducing the dose of gonadotropins) combined with cabergoline versus cabergoline alone in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in patients pretreated with GnRH agonist long protocol who were at high risk for OHSS.

Methods: Two hundred and thirty six patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the cabergoline group or the antagonist rescue combined with cabergoline group. Both groups received oral cabergoline (0.

Diclofenac plus lidocaine gel for pain relief during intrauterine device insertion. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of diclofenac potassium combined with 2% lidocaine gel in reducing the pain of intrauterine device (IUD) insertion.

Study Design: We randomized 90 parous women requesting copper T380A IUD insertion in a 1:1 ratio to active or placebo treatment. Active treatment included administration of two 50-mg diclofenac potassium tablets 1h before IUD insertion, application of 3mL of 2% lidocaine gel on the anterior cervical lip 3min before IUD insertion and placement of a cotton swab soaked in 2% lidocaine gel in the cervical canal 3min before IUD insertion.

Role of ultrasonographic markers of ovarian reserve in prediction of IVF and ICSI outcome.

The aim of the study was to assess correlation of ultrasonographic markers of ovarian reserve and IVF/ICSI outcome. Two-hundred twelve IVF/ICSI patients were included. Upon pituitary suppression confirmation, antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian volume (OV), and ovarian stromal indices [vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI)] were assessed by three-dimensional (3D) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound and correlated with the number of mature oocytes retrieved.

Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are the most common conditions affecting pregnancy, occurring in about 80% of all pregnancies and always disappearing on the 16th to 18th weeks of gestation. This may be mild and it does not affect the general condition of the patient (the condition is called emesis gravidarum), or it may be severe enough to affect the patient physically and psychologically, causing intractable vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss >5%, impairment of liver and kidney functions and dehydration. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterium affecting humans.

Long-term rescue of dystrophin expression and improvement in muscle pathology and function in dystrophic mdx mice by peptide-conjugated morpholino.

Exon skipping is capable of correcting frameshift and nonsense mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Phase 2 clinical trials in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands have reported induction of dystrophin expression in muscle of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients by systemic administration of both phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) and 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate. Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino offers significantly higher efficiency than phosphorodiamidate morpholino, with the ability to induce near-normal levels of dystrophin, and restores function in both skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Targeted skipping of human dystrophin exons in transgenic mouse model systemically for antisense drug development.

Antisense therapy has recently been demonstrated with great potential for targeted exon skipping and restoration of dystrophin production in cultured muscle cells and in muscles of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients. Therapeutic values of exon skipping critically depend on efficacy of the drugs, antisense oligomers (AOs). However, no animal model has been established to test AO targeting human dystrophin exon in vivo systemically.

One-year treatment of morpholino antisense oligomer improves skeletal and cardiac muscle functions in dystrophic mdx mice.

Antisense therapy has been successful to skip targeted dystrophin exon with correction of frameshift and nonsense mutations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Systemic production of truncated but functional dystrophin proteins has been achieved in animal models. Furthermore, phase I/II clinical trials in United Kingdom and the Netherlands have demonstrated dystrophin induction by local and systemic administrations of antisense oligomers.

Guanine analogues enhance antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping in dystrophin gene in vitro and in vivo.

Exon skipping has demonstrated great potential for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other diseases. We have developed a drug-screening system using C2C12 myoblasts expressing a reporter green fluorescent phosphate (GFP), with its reading frame disrupted by the insertion of a targeted dystrophin exon. A library of 2,000 compounds (Spectrum collection; Microsource Discovery System) was screened to identify drugs capable of skipping targeted dystrophin exons or enhancing the exon-skipping effect by specific antisense oligomers.