Effect of Incorporating Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles into White Portland Cement, White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Calcium Enriched Mixture Cement on the Push-out Bond Strength to Furcal Area Dentin.

Statement Of The Problem: Bond strength of furcation repair materials is an essential factor in clinical success. Studies on the effect of adding titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles on the push-out bond strength of commonly used endodontic cements for furcation perforation repair is limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding TiO nanoparticles to white Portland cement (PC), white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium enriched mixture cement (CEM) on their push-out bond strengths.