Efficacy of whole-cell pneumococcal vaccine in mice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the fact that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases through the use of vaccine serotypes, infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major public health hazard. Serotype-independent vaccines that are economically viable species of common protein antigens such as whole-cell vaccines (WCVs) are needed. Considering the ongoing debate about the effectiveness of WCVs, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis was carried out to determine the efficacy of WCVs against colonization in mice.

Recent approaches in whole cell pneumococcal vaccine development: a review study.

Despite the availability of relatively effective vaccines, still causes widespread morbidity and mortality. Current vaccines contain free polysaccharides or protein-polysaccharide conjugates, but do not induce protection against serotypes that are not included in the vaccines. Therefore, developing alternative vaccines is of high priority and importance.

Clonal relatedness and biofilm formation of OXA-23-producing carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environment.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a serious threat for hospitalized patients and it can survive for long periods in hospital settings, particularly on inanimate surfaces. The environment occupied by these resistant and resilient isolates may act as a reservoir for cross-colonization and outbreaks. Here, we aimed to determine the distribution of CRAB in the hospital environment and to characterize their clonal relatedness, susceptibility profile, carriage of bla genes, and biofilm formation.

First-Line Anti-Tubercular Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in IRAN: A Systematic Review.

Background: The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems through the world. Surveillance of anti-TB drug resistance is essential for monitoring of TB control strategies. The occurrence of drug resistance, particularly multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), has become a significant public health dilemma.

Genotyping of Haemophilus influenzae type b strains and their incidence in the clinical samples isolated from Iranian patients.

Background And Objective: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is divided into two distinct genotypes, type I and type II, based on the structure of capsular polysaccharides. The capsulation locus of Haemophilus influenzae type b consists of three functionally distinct regions, designated regions 1 to 3. Region III contains hcsA and hcsB genes; however, notable sequence variation in this region can be used to recognize different Hib genotypes.

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of acorn herbal extract against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Background: The search for safe and effective antimicrobial agents, which treat, therapeutically and prophylactically, a wide variety of bacterial infections still represents a top priority for the biomedical field. This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial properties of herbal extract (acorn) against bacterial pathogens in intestinal tract infections in in vitro and in vivo conditions and to study the effect of herbal extracts against bacteria in comparison with current antibiotics.

Findings: Ethanol extraction of acorn herb (Jaft) were evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeroginosa in in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Antimicrobial-resistant Shigella infections from Iran: an overlooked problem?

Objectives: In this study, we wanted to assess the level of antimicrobial resistance, the presence of genes encoding resistance to cephalosporins and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and genetic relatedness among Shigella isolates obtained from Iranian patients.

Methods: A total of 44 Shigella isolates were collected from Iranian patients admitted to Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2008-10. Of these, 37 were serotyped and characterized by MIC determination.

Biotyping, capsular typing, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Haemophilus influenzae strains in Iran.

The aim of this study was to determine the capsular types of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens by slide agglutination serotyping (SAST) and PCR capsule typing methods. All the isolates were biotyped and their antibiotic resistance patterns also determined. Thirteen isolates of serotype b, 2 of serotype e, 4 of serotype f, and 19 nontypeable (NT) isolates were identified by SAST method in 38 H.