Secondary Glaucoma after Cataract Surgery Performed in Infancy in Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Case Control Study.

Objective: To compare the incidence of secondary glaucoma after cataract surgery performed in infancy in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and children with nonrubella cataracts and to identify associated risk factors.

Design: Retrospective case control study.

Participants: Children with CRS who had undergone cataract surgery in infancy and age-matched infants who had undergone cataract surgery for infantile cataracts were included.

Effect of beta blockers on optical coherence tomography angiography in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes: A prospective study.

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension, and use of systemic beta blockers (BB) and other antihypertensives on ocular perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in tertiary eye care center. Prospectively recruited consenting subjects between 18 and 90 years with or without glaucoma.

Overcoming Barriers to Drug Development in Children with CKD.

Like all sick children, children with CKD need access to safe and effective medicines that have been formulated and examined specifically for them. Despite legislation in the United States and the European Union that either mandates or incentivizes programs for children, conducting trials to advance the treatment of children continues to prove to be a challenge for drug developers. This is also the case for drug development in children with CKD, where trials face challenges in recruitment and completion and where there remains a substantial time lag between initial approval of a medicinal product for use in adults and completion of studies that result in the addition of pediatric-specific labeling for the same indication.

Comparison of conjunctiva-related complications between scleral and corneal patch grafts in Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Purpose: Comparison of the conjunctiva related complication rates and success rates among eyes with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in which eye bank derived scleral and corneal patch grafts had been used to cover the tube.

Methods: Retrospective comparative study. Patients who underwent AGV implantation between January 2000 to December 2016 were included.

Long Anterior Zonules and Angle Closure Disease.

Prcis: Angle closure disease was present in 59.3% of eyes with long anterior zonules (LAZ). The cause is multifactorial including a thick anteriorly positioned crystalline lens, shorter axial length, and increased lens thickness to axial length factor.

Decompression Retinopathy Following Trabeculectomy: A Case Report.

Introduction: Decompression retinopathy (DR) can have varied manifestations as retinal and vitreous hemorrhage, disc edema, and macular edema. Vein occlusion associated with choroidal detachment (CD) has not been reported so far as a feature of DR.

Case: We report a case of a 78 year old male with bilateral primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) on maximal topical medication with progressive field loss.

Tube Obstruction of a Nonvalved Glaucoma Drainage Device by a Dislocated Soemmering's Ring.

The authors report a case of tube obstruction of a nonvalved glaucoma drainage device (Aurolab aqueous drainage implant; AADI) with a dislocated Soemmering's ring (SR) leading to a postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spike after an initial IOP reduction. A 24-year-old man with bilateral aphakia, bilateral secondary glaucoma developed corneal decompensation in the left eye. The IOP in the left eye was 22 mm Hg with 3 topical IOP-lowering medications (timolol 0.

Creatinine-Based Renal Function Assessment in Pediatric Drug Development: An Analysis Using Clinical Data for Renally Eliminated Drugs.

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations based on serum creatinine (SCR) have been used for pediatric dose adjustment in drug labeling. This study evaluated the performance of those equations in estimating individual clearance of drugs that are predominantly eliminated by glomerular filtration, using clinical data from the renally eliminated drugs gadobutrol, gadoterate, amikacin, and vancomycin. The eGFR was compared with the observed drug clearance (CL) in 352 pediatric patients from birth to 12 years of age.

Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric Patients With Renal Impairment.

A treatment gap exists for pediatric patients with renal impairment. Alterations in renal clearance and metabolism of drugs render standard dosage regimens inappropriate and may lead to drug toxicity, but these studies are not routinely conducted during drug development. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical evidence behind current renal impairment dosage recommendations for pediatric patients in a standard pediatric dosing handbook.

Phacoemulsification in eyes with long anterior zonules.

Purpose: To study the safety of phacoemulsification in eyes with long anterior zonules (LAZs).

Setting: Institute.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Exposure-Response Assessment in Pediatric Drug Development Studies Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration.

Exposure-response (E-R) modeling provides a quantitative tool to leverage adult data to support pediatric trial design and drug approval. The pediatric E-R studies submitted to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2007 and 2018 were surveyed in the context of various types of trial designs supporting drug approval in the pediatric population. The applications of E-R evaluation in pediatric drug development programs are mainly focused on three areas: (i) supporting pediatric extrapolation when the E-R relationships are similar between the pediatric and adult populations; (ii) dose selection to balance the risk-benefit profile based on the change in efficacy and safety response with different exposure levels; and (iii) approval of a new formulation, new dosing regimen, or new route of administration, where E-R evaluation helps quantify the change in clinical response between the old and new strategies.

Intraocular Pressure in the Eyes of Patients With Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: Profile, Intereye Asymmetry, and Treatment Outcomes.

Precis: Secondary ocular hypertension (OHT) is common in carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs). Management of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is possible with a multidisciplinary approach. The ipsilateral normal eyes may have higher IOP than the contralateral eyes.

Research Gaps in Primary Pediatric Hypertension.

Hypertension affects >40% of the US population and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Although less common among children and adolescents, hypertension affects 1% to 5% of all youth. The 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents provided updates and strategies regarding the diagnosis and management of hypertension in youth.

Comparison between broadband and monochromatic photopic negative response in full-field electroretinogram in controls and subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: A prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted to investigate the role of broadband and monochromatic photopic negative response (PhNR) of the full-field flash electroretinogram (ERG) in the evaluation of ganglion cell damage in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects.

Methods: Subjects with POAG and age-matched normal subjects were recruited from the outpatient department of a tertiary eye care center in South India. A total of 25 patients with POAG and 50 age-matched normal subjects were recruited.

Effects of deferasirox dose and decreasing serum ferritin concentrations on kidney function in paediatric patients: an analysis of clinical laboratory data from pooled clinical studies.

Background: Serious and fatal deferasirox-induced kidney injury has been reported in paediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of deferasirox dose and serum ferritin concentrations on kidney function and the effect of impaired kidney function on dose-normalised deferasirox minimum plasma concentration (C).

Methods: We did a case-control analysis using pooled data from ten clinical studies.

Etiology and management of dyslipidemia in children with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.

Lipids are essential components of cell membranes, contributing to cell fuel, myelin formation, subcellular organelle function, and steroid hormone synthesis. Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit various co-morbidities, including dyslipidemia. The prevalence of dyslipidemias in children with CKD and ESRD is high, being present in 39-65% of patients.

Drug development for pediatric neurogenic bladder dysfunction: dosing, endpoints, and study design.

Pediatric drug development is challenging when a product is studied for a pediatric disease that has a different underlying etiology and pathophysiology compared to the adult disease. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction (NBD) is such a therapeutic area with multiple unsuccessful development programs. The objective of this study was to critically evaluate clinical trial design elements that may have contributed to unsuccessful drug development programs for pediatric NBD.

Etiology and epidemiological analysis of glaucoma-filtering bleb infections in a tertiary eye care hospital in South India.

Purpose: To evaluate the microbial etiology and associated risk factors among patients with blebitis following trabeculectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of all culture-proven blebitis was performed in patients who underwent trabeculectomy between January 2004 and December 2008. A standardized form was filled out for each patient, documenting sociodemographic features and information pertaining to risk factors.

Surgical management of glaucoma: an Indian perspective.

Glaucoma is a serious sight-threatening disorder aptly named the Silent thief of sight. India, being the second most populous country in the world, has about 20% of the world glaucoma population. The complex geographical and socioeconomic architecture and the economic extremes have a profound effect on its health system.

Cinacalcet is efficacious in pediatric dialysis patients.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (high-turnover bone disease, or HTBD) is manifested by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Control of HTBD may be achieved by maintaining low serum phosphorous levels and administering vitamin D therapy, although some patients continue to exhibit high PTH levels. We report the results of the efficacy of the calcimimetic cinacalcet in six hemodialysis (HD) and three peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patients with HTBD, age 14.