Protecting the health of children with universal child cash benefits.

This Health Policy examines the relationship between child cash benefits and child health, with the goal of informing future policy development in the USA. As of 2024, more than 140 countries have adopted large-scale, government-funded child cash transfer programmes. High-income countries more often adopt universal or near universal programmes, while lower-income countries often impose means tests or condition benefits on specific behaviours.

Success rate of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with and without sedation.

Background: Pneumatic reduction of ileocolic intussusception is often performed without sedation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of pneumatic reduction of intussusception with and without sedation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Israel in two tertiary care centers using a similar protocol for pneumatic reduction of intussusception.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel condensed pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines featuring morpholine moiety as PI3Kα inhibitors.

Four series of condensed pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines 6a-d, 8a-d, 10a,b and 12a-e designed as PI3Kα inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity and selectivity toward different PI3K isoforms. The tested compounds displayed PI3Kα kinase inhibitory activity at either low micromolar or nanomolar level. In particular, the morpholino-pyrimidopyrrolopyrimidinones 8a-d and morpholino-pyridopyrrolopyrimidine-2-carbonitriles 12a-e proved to be highly potent and selective PI3Kα inhibitors (IC50 = 0.

Synthesis, carbonic anhydrase inhibition and cytotoxic activity of novel chromone-based sulfonamide derivatives.

Four series of sulfonamides incorporating chromone moieties were synthesized and assessed for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A-549 cell lines, considering the fact that some of these tumors overexpress isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.

Neuroimaging schizophrenia: a picture is worth a thousand words, but is it saying anything important?

Schizophrenia is characterized by neurostructural and neurofunctional aberrations that have now been demonstrated through neuroimaging research. The article reviews recent studies that have attempted to use neuroimaging to understand the relation between neurological abnormalities and aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies show that neurostructural and neurofunctional abnormalities are present in people with schizophrenia and their close relatives and may represent putative endophenotypes.

Facile synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship study of antitumor active 2-(4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-oxo-propionitriles.

2-(5-Arylidene-4-oxo-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-oxo-propionitriles 4a-j were prepared via condensation of aromatic aldehydes with 4-thiazolidinones 3a,b. The latter was obtained via electrophilic attack of phenylisothiocyanate on 3-oxo-propionitriles 1a,b followed by reaction with chloroacetyl chloride under basic condition. Additionally, 2-(5-heteroalicyclic methylene) analogues 5a-h were prepared via Mannich reaction of the appropriate secondary amines and formaldehyde with 4-thiazolidinones 3a,b.

New pyrimido[5,4-e]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines: synthesis, 2D-QSAR, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenicity studies.

New pyrimido[5,4-e]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines were synthesized. A series of ylidene carbohydrazides 14a-i, and hydrazonate 15, were obtained from the prepared 3-carbohydrazide derivative 13. Pyrazole derivatives 12, 16a,b, 18, 19, 20, were also prepared through different reactions.

Synthesis, molecular docking study and antitumor activity of novel 2-phenylindole derivatives.

The starting material, 4-(1-indol-2-yl)phenol 1 was obtained via Fischer synthesis. Vilsmeir Haack(')s formylation of 1 gave the carboxaldehyde derivative 2 which was subjected to different reactions affording the 3-substituted compounds 3-10. Compound 1 reacted with halo esters to give 11 and 12a,b.

Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities evaluation of some bi-, tri- and tetracyclic condensed pyrimidines.

Novel series of bicyclic pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines 3a-g, 5, 6a, b, and 7a, b, tricyclic pyrimido[5,4-e]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines 8a-c, 9a-g, 13a-c, 17, 18a, b, 19, 20a,b and 21 and tetracyclic condensed pyrimidines 14, 22 and 23 were synthesized through different chemical reactions. Structures of all synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were supported by spectral and elemental analyses. Analgesic activity evaluation was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing assay, and all compounds exerted comparable activity to indomethacin.

Stimulatory effects of a microbially dechlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture on rat uterine contraction in vitro.

Microbially mediated reductive dechlorination has been advocated as the first part of a two-stage (anaerobic/aerobic) biotreatment process for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments, and is generally viewed as a detoxication process. However, previous studies suggest that microbial dechlorination increases the ability to stimulate uterine contractions compared with the original PCB mixtures. Here, we investigate the composition and uterotonic activity of the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1260 before and after incubation with microorganisms eluted from PCB-contaminated sediment of the Hudson River.

Synthesis of some tropane derivatives of anticipated activity on the reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin.

A variety of tropane derivatives 14a-g were prepared via the reaction of the alcohol analogs 12a and 12b with substituted fluorobenzenes 13a-f. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity and selectivity toward the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and serotonin transporter (SERT) using yohimbine-induced mortality and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced neurotoxicity in mice, respectively. All the tested compounds were found to be NE and 5-HT reuptake inhibitors except 14d which exhibited selective 5-HT reuptake inhibition activity.