Emerging MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish commonly harbor oprL and toxA virulence genes and bla, bla, and tetA antibiotic-resistance genes.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiogram of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and the distribution of virulence genes (oprL, exoS, phzM, and toxA) and the antibiotic-resistance genes (bla, tetA, and bla). A total of 285 fish (165 Oreochromis niloticus and 120 Clarias gariepinus) were collected randomly from private fish farms in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.