Correlation Between TWEAK Serum Level and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in HAM/TSP.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), the main neurological manifestation of HTLV-I, is a chronic inflammatory disease. Viral-host interaction and host genetics are two important contributors to the development of the HAM/TSP. This study was conducted to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) by ELISA method in three groups of participants including 34 HAM/TSP patients (HAM/TSP), 35 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs), and 20 healthy controls (HCs).

A case of lung and fungus ball lesions associated with in a diabetic patient.

This study reports the first case of lung and fungus ball lesions caused by . A rural diabetic woman infected by , presented with fever and hemoptysis. CT scans, bronchoalveolar lavage, culture and molecular methods were used to evaluate and confirm the disease.

The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in the Iranian population.

Background: Variations in the innate and adaptive immune response systems are linked to variations in the severity of COVID-19. Natural killer cell (NK) function is regulated by sophisticated receptor system including Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. We aimed to investigate the impact of possessing certain KIR genes and genotypes on COVID19 severity in Iranians.

Targeting host calcium channels and viroporins: a promising strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapy.

Despite passing the pandemic phase of the COVID-19, researchers are still investigating various drugs. Previous evidence suggests that blocking the calcium channels may be a suitable treatment option. Ca is required to enhance the fusion process of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The role of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins in immune evasion.

Many questions on the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis remain to answer. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes some accessory proteins that are essential for infection. Notably, accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2 play significant roles in affecting immune escape and viral pathogenesis.

CRISPR-Cas System: A Promising Diagnostic Tool for Covid-19.

More than a year has passed since the beginning of the 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic which has created massive problems globally affecting all aspects of people's life. Due to the emergence of new strains of the SARS-CoV-2, pandemic risk still remains, despite the start of vaccination. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tests are essential to control infection, improve clinical care and stop the spread of the disease.

Target genes used for biosensor development in COVID-19 diagnosis.

In a published review entitled "COVID-19 diagnosis -A review of current methods", the authors considered hemagglutinin esterase as one of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and also they did not represent ORF3b, ORF9b, and ORF9c in SARS-CoV-2 genome structure. However, according to the scientific evidence, among coronaviruses only some betacoronaviruses (Embecovirus subgenera) contain HE, and the genome of most of the coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV lack the HE gene. In addition, the genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains several accessory proteins ORFs including ORF3a, ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF9b, ORF9c, and ORF10.

Comparison between various biosensor methods for human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) detection.

Due to the drawback of traditional and current diagnostic methods including serological and molecular assays, the development of the rapid and free-PCR techniques can be an alternative technique for the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) DNA detection sequences. On the other hand, early detection of HTLV-1 prevents two dangerous diseases including Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. The biosensor-based methods are sensitive techniques that can provide new opportunities to detect infectious diseases, particularly in the early stage.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus coinfection in children.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has infected many people around the world. Children are considered an important target group for SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus infection. Both SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can affect the respiratory tract.

Future developments in biosensors for field-ready SARS-CoV-2 virus diagnostics.

According to the evidence, the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a zoonotic pathogen named respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus can spread through personal contact, respiratory droplets, and also through airborne transmission. A rapid, low-cost, and effective biosensor platform is essential to diagnose patients with COVID-19 infection, predominantly the asymptomatic individuals, and prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 via transmission routes.

A knockdown of the herpes simplex virus type-1 gene in all-in-one CRISPR vectors.

Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a virus that causes serious human disease and establishes a long-term latent infection. The latent form of this virus has shown to be resistant to antiviral drugs. Clustered Regularly Interspace Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), is an important tool in genome engineering and composed of guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 nuclease that makes an RNA-protein complex to digest exclusive target sequences implementation of gRNA.

Rapid and label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a facile one-step electrochemical synthesis of rGO-PPy-(L-Cys)-AuNPs nanocomposite for the HTLV-1 oligonucleotide detection.

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) as the first human retrovirus is currently a serious endemic health challenge. Despite the use of assorted molecular or serological assays for HTLV-1 detection, there are several limitations due to the lack of a confirmatory test that may affect the accuracy of the results. Herein, a novel label-free biosensor for the detection of HTLV-1 Tax gene has been reported.

Correlation of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 with cervical cancer and their diagnosis methods in Iranian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus and related to the development of cervical cancer (CC). To determine the association between high-risk HPV types and CC, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently reported prevalence of HPV16 and 18 in Iranian women identified with cervical infections.

Materials And Methods: Prevalence studies were identified between 2002 and 2018 using several databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database.

Zinc Sulfate in Narrow Range as an In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Assay.

This report explains the employing of a combination test of traditional cell culture with a quantitative real-time PCR for assessment of the antiviral effect of zinc sulfate (ZnSO) on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected Vero cells. Our evidence showed that the treatment with 0.3 mM ZnSO strongly inhibited the replication of virus progeny (MOI 0.

The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation.

Current approaches for detection of human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review.

Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that is endemic in some regions of the world. It is known to cause several diseases like adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Serology and molecular methods have been used to detect this virus.

Early detection of cervical cancer based on high-risk HPV DNA-based genosensors: A systematic review.

Human papillomavirus type (HPV) is a common cause of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in humans. HPV types 16 and 18 as the highest risk types are related with gynecologic malignancy and cervical cancer (CC) among women worldwide. Recently, considerable development of genosensors, which allows dynamic monitoring of hybridization events for HPV-16 and 18, has been a topic of focus by many researchers.