Are white matter hyperintensities associated with neuroborreliosis? The answer is twofold.

Purpose: Many consider white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to be important imaging findings in neuroborreliosis. However, evidence regarding association with WMHs is of low quality. The objective was to investigate WMHs in neuroborreliosis visually and quantitatively.

External validation of clinical risk prediction score for elderly treated with endovascular thrombectomy.

Background And Aim: The thrombectomy in the elderly prediction score (TERPS) for functional outcome after anterior circulation endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients ≥ 80 years was recently developed. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of functional outcome in the elderly and validate the prediction model.

Methods: Consecutive patients treated with EVT from the Oslo Acute Reperfusion Stroke Study were evaluated for inclusion.

Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and brain maturation in preterm infants; a double blind RCT.

Background: Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important structural components of neural cellular membranes and possess anti-inflammatory properties. Very preterm infants are deprived of the enhanced placental supply of these fatty acids, but the benefit of postnatal supplementation on brain development is uncertain. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that early enteral supplementation with ARA and DHA in preterm infants improves white matter (WM) microstructure assessed by diffusion-weighted MRI at term equivalent age.

Clinical outcome after thrombectomy in patients with MeVO stroke: importance of clinical and technical factors.

Background And Aims: Whereas high-level evidence has been proven for safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke, the evidence for EVT in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) in both sexes and different age groupremains to be answered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of clinical and technical parameters, focusing on sex, age and EVT procedural factors, on functional outcome in primary MeVO (pMeVO) strokes.

Methods: 144 patients with pMeVO in the MCA territory from the Oslo Acute Reperfusion Stroke Study (OSCAR) were included.

Radiological features of brain hemorrhage through automated segmentation from computed tomography in stroke and traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Radiological assessment is necessary to diagnose spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury intracranial hemorrhage (TBI-bleed). Artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning tools provide a means for decision support. This study evaluates the hemorrhage segmentations produced from three-dimensional deep learning AI model that was developed using non-contrast computed tomography (CT) imaging data external to the current study.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI shows altered blood-brain barrier function of deep gray matter structures in neuroborreliosis: a case-control study.

Background: Main aim was assessment of regional blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in patients with neuroborreliosis. Secondary aim was to study the correlation of BBB function with biochemical, clinical, and cognitive parameters.

Methods: Regional ethical committee approved this prospective single-center case-control study.

Multiple sclerosis imaging in clinical practice: a European-wide survey of 428 centers and conclusions by the ESNR Working Group.

Objectives: To evaluate compliance with the available recommendations, we assessed the current clinical practice of imaging in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: An online questionnaire was emailed to all members and affiliates. Information was gathered on applied MR imaging protocols, gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) use and image analysis.

Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Associated With Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: The Nor-COAST Study.

Background: Inflammation is proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of poststroke cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between concentrations of systemic inflammatory biomarkers after ischemic stroke and poststroke cognitive impairment.

Methods: The Nor-COAST study (Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke) is a prospective observational multicenter cohort study, including patients hospitalized with acute stroke between 2015 and 2017.

Predictors of outcome after endovascular treatment for tandem occlusions: a single center retrospective analysis.

Background: The endovascular treatment procedure in tandem occlusions (TO) is complex compared to single occlusion (SO) and optimal management remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and procedural factors that may be associated to efficacy and safety in the management of TO and compare functional outcome in TO and SO stroke patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective single center study of medium (MeVO) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation.

Neuroimaging markers of dual impairment in cognition and physical performance following stroke: The Nor-COAST study.

Background: Cognitive decline and decline in physical performance are common after stroke. Concurrent impairments in the two domains are reported to give increased risk of dementia and functional decline. The concept of dual impairment of physical performance and cognition after stroke is poorly investigated.

Longitudinal brain age prediction and cognitive function after stroke.

Advanced age is associated with post-stroke cognitive decline. Machine learning based on brain scans can be used to estimate brain age of patients, and the corresponding difference from chronological age, the brain age gap (BAG), has been investigated in a range of clinical conditions, yet not thoroughly in post-stroke neurocognitive disorder (NCD). We aimed to investigate the association between BAG and post-stroke NCD over time.

Assessment of cognitive function, structural brain changes and fatigue 6 months after treatment of neuroborreliosis.

Background: Complete recovery after adequately treated neuroborreliosis is common, but studies report that some patients experience persistent symptoms like self-reported cognitive problems and fatigue. Persisting symptoms are often termed post-Lyme disease syndrome, of which etiology is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive function, possible structural changes in brain regions and level of fatigue.

Brain disconnectome mapping derived from white matter lesions and serum neurofilament light levels in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal multicenter study.

Background And Objectives: Connectivity-based approaches incorporating the distribution and magnitude of the extended brain network aberrations caused by lesions may offer higher sensitivity for axonal damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than conventional lesion characteristics. Using individual brain disconnectome mapping, we tested the longitudinal associations between putative imaging-based brain network aberrations and levels of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a neuroaxonal injury biomarker.

Methods: MS patients (n = 312, mean age 42.

Longitudinal Brain Changes After Stroke and the Association With Cognitive Decline.

Background: Cognitive impairment is common after stroke. So is cortical- and subcortical atrophy, with studies reporting more atrophy in the ipsilesional hemisphere than the contralesional hemisphere. The current study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between (I) lateralization of brain atrophy and stroke hemisphere, and (II) cognitive impairment and brain atrophy after stroke.

Exploring Retinal Blood Vessel Diameters as Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.

We aimed to determine whether retinal vessel diameters and retinal oxygen saturation in newly diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are different from those of a healthy population. Retinal blood vessel diameters were measured using imaging with a spectrophotometric non-invasive retinal oximeter. Twenty-three newly diagnosed untreated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients (mean age: 32.

Serum neurofilament light chain concentration predicts disease worsening in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Serum neurofilament light (sNfL) chain is a promising biomarker reflecting neuro-axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the ability of sNfL to predict outcomes in real-world MS cohorts requires further validation.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the associations of sNfL concentration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) markers with disease worsening in a longitudinal European multicentre MS cohort.

Enhancement of cranial nerves in Lyme neuroborreliosis: incidence and correlation with clinical symptoms and prognosis.

Purpose: Symptoms of cranial neuritis are a common presentation of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Imaging studies are scarce and report contradictory low prevalence of enhancement compared to clinical studies of cranial neuropathy. We hypothesized that MRI enhancement of cranial nerves in LNB is underreported, and aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of cranial nerve enhancement in early LNB.

Cognitive function in patients with neuroborreliosis: A prospective cohort study from the acute phase to 12 months post treatment.

Background: Long-term cognitive problems after neuroborreliosis treatment remain a subject of debate. We have previously shown that cognitive problems are not present in the acute phase of neuroborreliosis, although fatigue is common. The aim of this study was to re-assess the same patient cohort and evaluate long-term outcomes.

Neurofilament light in plasma is a potential biomarker of central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP) are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely understood. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is part of the neuronal cytoskeleton.

Predicting the Emergence of Major Neurocognitive Disorder Within Three Months After a Stroke.

Neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is common after stroke, with major NCD appearing in about 10% of survivors of a first-ever stroke. We aimed to classify clinical- and imaging factors related to rapid development of major NCD 3 months after a stroke, so as to examine the optimal composition of factors for predicting rapid development of the disorder. We hypothesized that the prediction would mainly be driven by neurodegenerative as opposed to vascular brain changes.

Carotid Atherosclerosis and Longitudinal Changes of MRI Visual Rating Measures in Stroke Survivors: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study.

Objectives: We aimed to assess longitudinal changes in MRI measures of brain atrophy and white matter lesions in stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors, and explore whether carotid stenosis predicts progression of these changes, assessed by visual rating scales.

Materials And Methods: All patients with a first-ever stroke or TIA admitted to Bærum Hospital, Norway, in 2007/2008, were invited in the acute phase and followed for seven years. Carotid ultrasound was performed during the hospital stay.

Functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis modelled as connectome stability: A 5-year follow-up study.

Background: Brain functional connectivity (FC) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is abnormal compared to healthy controls (HCs). More longitudinal studies in MS are needed to evaluate whether FC stability is clinically relevant.

Objective: To compare functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based FC between MS and HC, and to determine the relationship between longitudinal FC changes and structural brain damage, cognitive performance and physical disability.

Pre-stroke cognitive impairment is associated with vascular imaging pathology: a prospective observational study.

Background: Chronic brain pathology and pre-stroke cognitive impairment (PCI) is predictive of post-stroke dementia. The aim of the current study was to measure pre-stroke neurodegenerative and vascular disease burden found on brain MRI and to assess the association between pre-stroke imaging pathology and PCI, whilst also looking for potential sex differences.

Methods: This prospective brain MRI cohort is part of the multicentre Norwegian cognitive impairment after stroke (Nor-COAST) study.