Relative Efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of Newer and/or Enhanced Seasonal Influenza Vaccines for the Prevention of Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Individuals Aged 18 years and Over: Update of a Systematic Review.

We performed an update (last search: 24 July 2023) of a systematic review on relative efficacy/effectiveness (rVE) and safety of newer/enhanced seasonal influenza vaccines in comparison with standard influenza vaccine or in head-to-head comparison. Eligible studies investigated adults aged ≥ 18 years, analysed the MF59-adjuvanted or high-dose or cell-based or recombinant or mRNA-based influenza vaccine and reported rVE or safety in randomised controlled trials (RCT) or non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSI). Of 1561 new entries identified, 17 studies were included.

Comparative effect of atorvastatin and risperidone on modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/NOX-2 in a rat model of valproic acid-induced autism.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that is significantly increasing, resulting in severe distress. The approved treatment for ASD only partially improves the sympoms, but it does not entirely reverse the symptoms. Developing novel disease-modifying drugs is essential for the continuous improvement of ASD.

Effects of heme oxygenase-1 upregulation on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

The present study was designed to examine the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) on the cardiac functions and morphology, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, myocardial antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione [GSH]), and expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and connexin 43 (Cx-43) in myocardial muscles in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI). Thirty two adult male Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 4 groups (each 8 rats): normal control (NC) group, ISO group: received ISO at dose of 150 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p.

Effects of Exercise and Ferulic Acid on Alpha Synuclein and Neuroprotective Heat Shock Protein 70 in An Experimental Model of Parkinsonism Disease.

Background & Objective: This study investigated the effects of ferulic acid (FR), muscle exercise (Ex) and combination of them on rotenone (Rot)-induced Parkinson disease (PD) in mice as well as their underlying mechanisms.

Method: 56 male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 8 equal groups, 1) Normal control (CTL), 2) FR (mice received FR at 20 mg/kg/day), 3) Ex (mice received swimming Ex) and 4) Ex + FR (mice received FR and Ex), 5) Rot (mice received Rot 3 mg/Kg i.p.

Case-control study on risk factors for acute hepatitis E in Germany, 2012 to 2014.

BackgroundNotified cases of hepatitis E have increased 40-fold in the past 10 years in Germany. Food safety is a major concern as hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA has been detected in ready-to-eat retail-level food products. The objective of this case-control study was to assess risk factors for autochthonous symptomatic hepatitis E and explore reasons for delays in diagnosis.

Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis following river flooding in the city of Halle (Saale), Germany, August 2013.

Background: During weeks 32-33, 2013, 24 cases of cryptosporidiosis were notified in the city of Halle (annual mean 2008-2012: 9 cases). We investigated the outbreak to identify the source and recommend control measures, considering that between weeks 23-25 the river Saale which flows through the city centre overflowed the floodplain, parts of the city centre and damaged sewage systems.

Methods: We defined a case as a resident of Halle with gastroenteritis, Cryptosporidium-positive stool and disease onset weeks 27 through 47.

Development of a risk assessment tool for contact tracing people after contact with infectious patients while travelling by bus or other public ground transport: a Delphi consensus approach.

Background: Tracing persons who have been in contact with an infectious patient may be very effective in preventing the spread of communicable diseases. However, criteria to decide when to conduct contact tracing are not well established. We have investigated the available evidence for contact tracing with a focus on public ground transport aiming to give guidance in what situations contact tracing should be considered.

Lack of evidence for Schmallenberg virus infection in highly exposed persons, Germany, 2012.

Schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus, is spreading among ruminants, especially sheep, throughout Europe. To determine the risk for human infection, we conducted a survey among shepherds to assess possible exposure and symptoms. We also performed serologic and molecular assays.

Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany.

Background: We describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Germany in May, June, and July, 2011. The consumption of sprouts was identified as the most likely vehicle of infection.

Methods: We analyzed data from reports in Germany of Shiga-toxin-producing E.