The Use of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Skin-Lightening Agents and Their Side Effects Among the Residents of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Over-the-counter (OTC) skin-lightening agents are topical products in the form of lotions, creams, oils, soaps, and serums designed to alter skin pigmentation primarily for cosmetic purposes. The growing misuse and overuse of these products has become a serious public health concern due to their potential adverse effects on human health and their quality of life.

Methods: This study was cross-sectional in nature, adopting a convenience sampling technique utilizing data from a sample of 408 residents of Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia.

Obesity Prevalence and Its Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Design.

Background: The escalating prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age raises concerns about its impact on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. This study aimed to thoroughly assess how obesity affects pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among Saudi pregnant women.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed 8426 pregnant women who delivered at King Fahad National Guard Hospital in Riyadh in 2021.

Empowering adult patients with diabetes for health educators' role within their family members: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Patient engagement as partners in diabetes prevention for family members/close relatives is a novel and underexplored approach. This paper aims to assess patients' willingness and confidence in their ability to succeed as health educators for their family members and investigate the influencing factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between January 2023 and April 2023.

Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 preventative behaviors (KAP COVID-19).

Background: Even though the innovation of COVID-19 vaccination effectively protects against the virus, practicing preventative behaviors is still essential. However, public adherence to preventive behaviors relies mainly on the individuals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19 preventative behaviors. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate these aspects.

Community Pharmacies in the Asian Countries of Developing Health System: Formation, Regulation, and Implication.

Community pharmacies (CPs) in Asian countries are often the first point of contact for patients withinthe healthcare system and their preferred place to purchase medicines. The number of CPs may vary across Asian countries, and each country has developed its own design and functioning. The regulatory environment plays a crucial role in shaping and governing CPs.

The Outlook of Healthcare Providers on the Involvement of Diabetic Patients as Health Promoters for Diabetes Prevention Among Their Family Members: A Qualitative Study.

Background and objective Examples of patients becoming health promoters for diabetes prevention in their own families, although few, are on the rise. Nevertheless, despite this increase in patient involvement in diabetes prevention, there is scarce research regarding healthcare providers' perspectives on the active engagement of patients as health promoters for their family members. In light of this, we aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers working at primary health clinics regarding patient involvement in diabetes prevention among their own family members and close relatives.

Proteomic Profiling Reveals Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Action and Adaptive Mechanisms of Resistance in : Treatment with and .

The increasing trend in the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria pushes research to discover new efficacious antibacterial agents from natural and synthetic sources. is a well-known bacterium commonly known for causing periodontal disease, and it is associated with the pathogenesis of life-changing systemic conditions such as Alzheimer's. Proteomic research can be utilized to test new antibacterial drugs and understand the adaptive resistive mechanisms of bacteria; hence, it is important in the drug discovery process.

Clinical environmental stressors and coping behaviors among undergraduate nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the level of stress, stressors sources, and coping strategies used among female Saudi undergraduate nursing students during their clinical practice.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Using a convenience sampling technique, female nursing students in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Alahsa who enrolled in clinical courses were recruited from a governmental university from January to May 2022.

Association between the expression of toll-like receptors, cytokines, and homeostatic chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.

The recent identification of the involvement of the immune system response in the severity and mortality of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection highlights the importance of cytokines and chemokines as important factors in the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. However, the impact and roles of the BAFF/APRIL cytokine system, homeostatic chemokines (CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21), as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3/4 in COVID-19, have not been investigated. We sought to assess the expression levels and roles of TLR3/4, BAFF, APRIL, IFN-β, homeostatic chemokines (CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21), SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in patients with critical (ICU) and non-ICU (mild) COVID-19 and their association with mortality and disease severity.

Psychological Status of College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among college students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 10th to April 10th, 2021. An online self-administered questionnaire was emailed to college students at a large institution in Saudi Arabia.

Investigating households' out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures based on number of chronic conditions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study using quantile regression approach.

Objectives: This study investigated the level and associated factors, focusing on the number of individuals with chronic conditions, of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures (OOPHE).

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021.

Setting: Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia.

Association between inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, clinical laboratory parameters, disease severity and in-hospital mortality in critical and mild COVID-19 patients without comorbidities or immune-mediated diseases.

There are limited data on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; the humoral immune response; and main clinical laboratory parameters as indicators for disease severity and mortality in patients with critical and mild COVID-19 without comorbidities or immune-mediated diseases in Saudi Arabia. We determined the expression levels of major proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines; C-reactive protein (CRP); procalcitonin; SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody and twenty-two clinical laboratory parameters and assessed their usefulness as indicators of disease severity and in-hospital death. Our results showed a significant increase in the expression levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody; IL1-β; IL-6; IL-8; TNF-α and CRP in critical COVID-19 patients; neutrophil count; urea; creatinine and troponin were also increased.

Association between different levels of maternal vitamin-D status during pregnancy and maternal outcomes.

Background And Aims: Maternal vitamin-D deficiency is a significant health concern among pregnant women in the Middle East. Vitamin-D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal outcomes and an increased risk of pregnancy complications. This study aimed to identify the level of vitamin-D during pregnancy and examine the effect of different vitamin-D levels during pregnancy on maternal outcomes.

The burden of multiple sclerosis among postpartum women and self management's challenges: Pilot study of supportive program.

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of multiple sclerosis supportive programs on mothers' self-management during postpartum.

Study Design: A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent group design was utilized. Primigravida pregnant women between 35-37 weeks of gestation and recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis participated in two preparation sessions.

Severity of COVID-19 infection in ACEI/ARB users in specialty hospitals: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The uncertainty about COVID-19 outcomes in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) users continues with contradictory findings. This study aimed to determine the effect of ACEI/ARB use in patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was done in two Saudi public specialty hospitals designated as COVID-19 referral facilities.

Assessing the Severity of Illness in Patients With Coronavirus Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia in various severity groups. Data for 485 patients were extracted from the medical records from the infectious disease center of Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Aziz Hospital in Riyadh. Patients' basic information, laboratory test results, signs and symptoms, medication prescribed, other comorbidities, and outcome data were collected and analyzed.

Determinants of successful diabetes self-management behaviors among women of Arab descent with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) continues to be an escalating public health problem contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Although the complications of T2D is a major threat to the health of women of Arab descent, there is lack of information about their health practices and diabetes self-management behaviors.

Aims: The purpose is to examine the impact of diabetes knowledge, social/family support, acculturation, and diabetes-related emotional distress on DSM behaviors and glycemic control among women of Arab descent utilizing the Roy Adaptation Model.

Prevalence of diabetes and its relation with age and sex in Turaif city, northern Saudi Arabia in 2016-2017.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia has increased dramatically during the last decades. This increase has been attributed to significant changes in cultural and socio-economic factors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of diabetes and its relation with age and sex in Turaif city, northern Saudi Arabia.