Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Preclinical Studies.

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, 64 candidate vaccines are in clinical development and 173 are in the pre-clinical phase. Five types of vaccines are currently approved for emergency use in many countries (Inactivated, Sinopharm; Viral-vector, Astrazeneca, and Gamaleya Research Institute; mRNA, Moderna, and BioNTech/Pfizer). The main challenge in this pandemic was the availability to produce an effective vaccine to be distributed to the world's population in a short time.

Utilizing the KCNJ11 Gene Mutations in Spotting Egyptian Patients With Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Who Can Benefit From Treatment Shift.

Background: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus. Until now, patients in developing countries who had this condition had been misdiagnosed as having type 1 diabetes mellitus and accordingly directed to erroneous, ineffective, and costly therapeutic regimens.

Objective: To detect Egyptian patients who harbor pathological variant in the KCNJ11 gene, so that their treatment regimen can be modified as needed to increase its effectiveness.

Electrophysiological study of myopia.

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of retinal function in myopia using full-field electroretinogram (ERG) and multifocal ERG (MF-ERG) and to determine the correlation among MF-ERG, ocular axis length, retinal thickness and degree of myopia.

Methods: Twenty emmetropes (20) and sixty-eight myopes (68) underwent manifest refraction, A- and B-scan, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), full field ERG and MF-ERG. The amplitudes and implicit times of ERG were determined.

Multifocal electroretinogram in retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To determine the effects of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) on multifocal electroretinogram (MF-ERG) parameters, to correlate MF-ERG and standard electroretinogram (ERG) and to correlate MF-ERG with findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cases of RVO.

Methods: Both eyes of 50 patients with RVO and 50 eyes of 25 normal subjects were examined using MF-ERG, standard ERG, fluorescein angiography and OCT. The latency in millisecond (ms) and response density in nanovolt (nv/degenerations) were measured for each of four quadrant areas and central area.

Study of factor VII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and monocyte tissue factor in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Changes in plasma tissue factor (TF)-activated factor VII (FVIIa) and plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in type II diabetes mellitus are assessed, vascular complicated and noncomplicated patients compared, and whether these novel hemostatic activity markers predict vascular complications in diabetic patients, improving risk assessment, is determined. Fifty type II diabetic patients and 20 healthy controls (age, sex and body mass matched) underwent medical history and examination, fasting plasma glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, hemostatic parameters, plasma TF activity, and TFPI and TF expression on blood monocytes. Mean TF, TF activity, TFPI, and FVIIa significantly increased among hyperlipidemic compared with normolipidemic diabetic patients, and normolipidemic diabetic patients compared with controls.

The multistage use of buccal mucosa grafts for complex hypospadias: histological changes.

Purpose: We report our experience using buccal mucosa in the multistage repair of complex hypospadias, and the observed histological changes.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 31 patients (14 adults and 17 children). A total of 19 patients presented after failed hypospadias repair with deficient ventral skin, 5 presented with scrotal hypospadias and 7 presented with perineal hypospadias.