Apigenin and Exposure to Low Dose Gamma Radiation Ameliorate Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease involving chronic and recurring colon inflammation. Current management protocols are limited by adverse effects or short-term symptomatic relief. We aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic prospect of low dose gamma (γ) irradiation or apigenin treatment in acetic acid-induced UC in rats.

Synthesis of novel benzothiophene derivatives as protectors against cranial irradiation-induced neuroinflammation.

Cranial irradiation results in many deleterious effects to normal tissues, including neuroinflammation. There is a need to explore radioprotective agents that could be safely used to ameliorate these effects. Nine novel benzothiophene derivatives bearing pyrimidinone, pyrazolidinone, triazole and other active moieties were synthesized and evaluated as antioxidants in an screening experiment.

Regulation of radiation-induced liver damage by modulation of SIRT-1 activity: In vivo rat model.

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT-1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, was found to regulate cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in living organisms. Therefore, the role of SIRT-1 in regulating forkhead box O/poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (FOXO-1/PARP-1) signaling could provide the necessary validation for developing new pharmacological targets for the promotion or inhibition of SIRT-1 activity toward radiation sensitivity. In the present study, the SIRT-1 signaling pathway is being investigated to study the possible modulatory effect of resveratrol (RSV, SIRT-1 activator) versus nicotinamide (NAM, SIRT-1 inhibitor) in case of liver damage induced by whole-body gamma irradiation.

Molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of morin in experimental hepatic encephalopathy.

This study aimed to investigate the possible usefulness of morin flavonoid in comparison to silymarin as a hepatic/neuronal-supportive agent with similar effects and higher bioavailability in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Morin effects on rat liver and brain were evaluated post-induction of HE by thioacetamide (TAA; 200 mg/kg/day for 3 successive days). Then, the serum activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) together with ammonia concentration were estimated to assess the liver function.

Pelargonidin ameliorates reserpine-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cascade: a comparative study.

Background: Targeting the neuronal mitochondria as a possible intervention to guard against neurodegenerative disorder progression has been investigated in the current work via the administration of pelargonidin (PEL) to rats intoxicated by the mitochondrial toxin reserpine. The main criteria for choosing PEL were its reported antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were randomized into five experimental groups; normal control, reserpinized to induce mitochondrial failure, standard PARP-1-inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinediol (DIQ)-treated reserpinized, PEL-treated reserpinized, and GSK-3β inhibitor (AR-A 014418) -treated reserpinized.

Tailoring of chitosan/diacrylated pluronic system as a versatile nanoplatform for the amelioration of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Rutin (RUT) is a biologically active flavonoid that is reported to modulate radiation-induced brain dysfunctions. However, RUT's poor water solubility and low brain bioavailability limit its clinical use. To increase its brain bioavailability, RUT was loaded onto nanoplatforms based on chitosan/diacrylated pluronic (CS/DA-PLUR) nanogels synthesized by gamma radiation.

Ameliorative effect of fractionated low-dose gamma radiation in combination with ellagic acid on nicotine-induced hormonal changes and testicular toxicity in rats.

Nicotine is an active pharmacological ingredient in cigarette smoke, which may negatively influence the male reproductive system and fertility. This study aims to investigate the effect of fractionated low-dose radiation (fractionated-LDR) and/or ellagic acid (EA) on nicotine-induced hormonal changes and testicular toxicity in rats. Nicotine was administrated orally (1 mg/kg) for 30 days, afterward, rats were treated with LDR (2 × 0.

Effectiveness of deferiprone-loaded nanocarrier in experimentally induced rhabdomyolysis: A dose-comparison study.

Herein, the efficacy of free deferiprone (DFP) and DFP-loaded starch/polyethylene glycol/polyacrylic acid (St/PEG/PAAc) nanogel [Nano-DFP] in modulating the biochemical changes induced by glycerol model of rhabdomyolysis (RBD) in male rats was investigated. In this respect, gamma radiation-induced crosslinking was used to produce St/PEG/PAAc nanogel particles, and then, it was used as a nanocarrier for DFP as an attempt to overcome the poor bioavailability and short half-life of DFP. St/PEG/PAAc nanogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering and Transmission electron microscopy.

Amelioration of adjuvant-induced arthritis by exposure to low dose gamma radiation and resveratrol administration in rats.

Low dose radiation has been reported as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis via multiple dose exposures. The present study was designed to increase the therapeutic efficacy of low dose radiation with the minimum exposure level in arthritic rats by concurrent administration of resveratrol (RSV) as an adjunctive therapy with anti-inflammatory properties. Rats were rendered arthritic by sub-plantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and exposed to low dose radiation at a total exposure level of 0.

Design and synthesis of novel pyridazinoquinazoline derivatives as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors: In vitro and in vivo study.

Worldwide, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) endures to be a prominent cause of cancer death. Treatment of HCC follows multiple therapies which are not entirely applicable for treatment of all patients. HCC usually arises contextual to chronic liver diseases and is often discovered at later stages which makes treatment options more complex.

Promising role of filgrastim and α-tocopherol succinate in amelioration of gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) in mice.

The protective role of α-tocopherol succinate (α-TCS) and the therapeutic efficacy of filgrastim were investigated in gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) induced following 10 Gy whole-body γ-irradiation. Mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups: [1] normal-control, [2] irradiated-control, [3] subcutaneous (s.c.

Propolis extract protects against radiation-induced intestinal mucositis through anti-apoptotic mechanisms.

Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect during radiotherapy that could be largely prevented by compounds possessing anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant properties, including extracts of propolis containing a high proportion of flavonoids. A specially formulated aqueous extract of propolis (PWE) has been prepared in such a way to preclude the inclusion of flavonoids but contain mostly organic aromatic acids to study whether it would still protect against radiation-induced intestinal mucositis and to study the possible involvement of apoptotic pathways. Rats were exposed to a gamma radiation dose of 8 Gy from a Cesium-137 source in order to inflict intestinal mucositis.

Platelet-rich plasma-induced feedback inhibition of activin A/follistatin signaling: A mechanism for tumor-low risk skin rejuvenation in irradiated rats.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of natural growth factors and is emerging as a treatment modality to mitigate radiotherapy- induced adverse effects. Activin A (ACTA) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which has been shown to modulate the inflammatory response and macrophages polarization between different phenotypes. The aim of this study is to determine the value of PRP in preventing radiation-induced malignancies in light of the cross-talk between PRP and activin A type II receptors (ActR-IIA)/follistatin (FST) signaling pathways where the inflammatory responses at 2 different time points were evaluated.

Anti-apoptotic effect of 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, against multiple organ damage induced by gamma irradiation in rats.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg on the inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) when combined with ionizing radiation (IR).

Material And Methods: Rats were treated intraperitonealy, one hour prior to irradiation at a dose level of 6 Gray (Gy) and were sacrificed 24 hours after irradiation. Control groups were run concurrently.

Semi-synthetic thymoquinone analogs: new prototypes as potential antihyperlipidemics in irradiated rats.

Aim: Thymoquinone (TQ), has been reported to possess strong antihyperlipidemic properties. However, a variety of serious side effects has been reported for TQ. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential antihyperlipidemic activity of newly synthesized TQ analogs.

Anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of low dose gamma irradiation against diabetes-induced brain injury in rats.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of different low doses of gamma irradiation on hyperglycemia-induced brain injury. The aim was further extended to investigate the sub-chronic effect of low dose radiation on the neuronal damage induced by diabetes. To induce diabetes, male albino rats were injected with dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day, for 9 successive days, subcutaneously).

Propolis aqueous extract preserves functional integrity of murine intestinal mucosa after exposure to ionizing radiation.

The ability of a specially prepared water propolis extract (PWE) to preserve the functional activity of the intestinal mucosa after radiation exposure was studied. PWE was given orally (650 mg/kg) to rats five days prior to irradiation by 6 Gy and continued for further two days. Rats were sacrificed 24h later, intestinal segments were examined histologically and homogenates were used to assess relevant biochemical parameters reflecting intestinal injury.

3-aminobenzamide, a poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitor, enhances wound healing in whole body gamma irradiated model.

The custom use of radiotherapy was found to participate in the development of chronic unhealed wounds. In general, exposure to gamma radiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that eventually leads to damaging effect. Conversely, overexpression of a nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme (PARP) after oxidative insult extremely brings about cellular injury due to excessive consumption of NAD and ATP.

Protective effect of the herbal preparation, STW 5, against intestinal damage induced by gamma radiation in rats.

Purpose: STW 5 (marketed as Iberogast(®), Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) is a herbal preparation reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of STW 5 against intestinal injury induced after whole body exposure to ionizing radiation (IR).

Materials And Methods: Intestinal mucositis was induced in rats by irradiation at a level of 6 Gy.

Potential efficacy of dopamine loaded-PVP/PAA nanogel in experimental models of Parkinsonism: possible disease modifying activity.

This study aimed to investigate the ability of dopamine (DA)-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone-poly(acrylic acid) (PVP/PAAc) nanogel [synthesized by gamma (γ) radiation-induced template polymerization] [Nano-DA] to deliver DA across the blood brain barrier, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the acute and subchronic administration of Nano-DA in modulating motor activity and/or the biochemical changes in rat brain; induced by different models of Parkinsonism. In this respect, (PVP/PAAc) nanogel was synthesized by gamma radiation-induced polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) in an aqueous solution of PVP as a template polymer, and then, it was used as a nano-drug carrier for DA. The PVP/PAAc and (PVP/PAAc loaded-DA nanogel particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy.

A multi-component herbal preparation, STW 5, shows anti-apoptotic effects in radiation induced intestinal mucositis in rats.

Purpose: Intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect in patients undergoing radiotherapy and constitutes a treatment-limiting condition. Since no agents are yet known that can adequately guard against its development, the search continues to find safe and effective measures. The present study was intended to investigate whether the herbal preparation, STW 5, could offer a potentially effective agent in this respect.

Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 delays wound healing by regulating keratinocyte migration and production of inflammatory mediators.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a protein modification reaction regulating various diverse cellular functions ranging from metabolism, DNA repair and transcription to cell death. We set out to investigate the role of PARylation in wound healing, a highly complex process involving various cellular and humoral factors. We found that topically applied poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide and PJ-34 accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of excision wounding.

Neuroprotective effect of EGb761® and low-dose whole-body γ-irradiation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the pretreatment effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761(®)) and low-dose whole-body γ-irradiation on the neurological dysfunction in the reserpine model of PD. Male Wistar rats were pretreated orally with EGb761 or fractionated low-dose whole-body γ-irradiation or their combination, then subjected to intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (5 mg/kg body weight) 24 h after the final dose of EGb761 or radiation.

Anti-ulcerogenic effect of aqueous propolis extract and the influence of radiation exposure.

Purpose: To study the effect of aqueous propolis extract (AEP) against indomethacin (Indo)-induced gastric ulcers in irradiated and non-irradiated rats.

Materials And Methods: Animals were irradiated at different radiation dose levels before the induction of ulcers. AEP was injected orally 1 hour before induction of gastric ulcers and the effects compared with those of lansoprazole (Lanso), which was used as a reference anti-ulcerogenic drug.