Enhancing the anticancer effect of metformin through nanoencapsulation: Apoptotic induction, inflammatory reduction, and suppression of cell migration in colorectal cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant health challenge, necessitating the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing, which involves the use of existing medications for new purposes, presents a promising opportunity. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has demonstrated potential anticancer effects.

Role of the auxiliary ligand in determining the genotoxicity and mode of cell death of thiosemicarbazone Pd(II) complexes.

A series of Pd(II) complexes of the general formula [PdX(NNS)] (X = Cl, Br, I, NCS and phenyl-tetrazole-thiolato; NNS = 2-quinolinecarboxyaldehyde--phenylthiosemicarbazone) was tested against four malignant cell lines for their antiproliferative properties and the outcomes were compared to those seen in normal mouse splenocytes. Various auxiliary ligands were substituted in order to investigate the impact of the character of the ligand on the cytotoxicity of this class of Pd(II) complexes. The iodo complex was the most cytotoxic compound towards the Caco-2 cell line in this study.

Enhancement of the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil with modulation in drug transporters expression using PI3K inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells.

Aims: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents the cornerstone for colorectal cancer therapy. However, resistance to its action is a major hindrance. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of suppressing the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway on the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU, as well as to delineate the possible underlying cellular mechanisms and the expected modulation in the expression of specific ABC drug transporters.

Cytocompatibility of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite/lignin hybrid composite scaffold.

This study aims at fabricating promising cytocompatible hybrid biocomposite scaffolds from chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HAP) and lignin (L) for bone tissue engineering by using freeze-drying technique. Different ratios of HAP to L (50:0, 37.5:12.

Lung cancer risk in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on the role of DNA repair gene.

Objective: Workers in secondary aluminum production plants are occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We aimed to monitor the concentrations of PAHs in air and in serum of workers at two secondary aluminum production plants. We also investigated the potential risk of lung cancer development among PAHs exposed workers with emphasis on the role of A1AT mutation and APEX1 gene polymorphisms.

Phthalimide Analogs Enhance Genotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide and Inhibit Its Associated Hypoxia.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a mutagen that is used in cancer chemotherapy, due to its genotoxicity and as an immunosuppressive agent Thalidomide (TH) is another cancer chemotherapeutic drug. In this study, the cytogenotoxicity and hypoxia modulatory activities of two phthalimide analogs of TH have been evaluated with/without CP. Both analogs have increased CP-stimulated chromosomal aberrations than those induced by TH, including gaps, breaks/fragments, deletions, multiple aberrations, and tetraploidy.

Flavonoid fraction of Cajanus cajan prohibited the mutagenic properties of cyclophosphamide in mice in vivo.

Cajanus cajan (L.) is a Pigeon pea cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. It contains many bioactive components.

Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid triggered DNA damage of adenocarcinoma breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.

Targeting cancer cells with photosensitizer (PS) excited by appropriate laser irradiation to release singlet oxygen as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains a challenge. This research aimed to assess the cytogenetic potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) activated with laser irradiation (5-ALA/PDT) to damage the intact DNA of adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Cancer cells were treated with 0.

Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles for a non-invasive photothermal ablation of lung tumor in mice.

Background: In our previous work, we have extensively evaluated the physiochemical characteristics of Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs; 15-18nm) and reported their effectiveness in stopping the tumor initiation via inhibiting the pre-neoplastic lesions in liver.

Objective: The rationale of this study is to detect the efficiency of using GA-AuNPs in photothermal application as a non-invasive technique against lung tumor. We investigated the cytotoxicity of GA-AuNPs on A549 cells, and then studied their apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, lipid peroxidation and anti-neovascular effect in in vivo model using a chemically-induced lung cancer in mice.

Cytotoxic effect of ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic nanocomposites on bone osteosarcoma cells.

This work pointed out the anti-cancer effect of ferrimagnetic glass ceramic nanocomposites (CaO-ZnO-FeO-SiO) which contain high amount of magnetite (∼60%), crystallite size <100nm, and different nucleating agents on bone cancer Saos-2 cells. The cell viability was inhibited by FH and FW to <50% and <25%, respectively, with/without magnetism, and both also reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔYm), with/without magnetism (no influence of magnetism). Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity was inhibited by FH, FW, and FHPNT, with/without magnetism.

Three further triterpenoid saponins from Gleditsia caspica fruits and protective effect of the total saponin fraction on cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in mice.

Three triterpenoidal saponins were isolated from the saponin fraction derived from a Gleditsia caspica Desf. methanolic fruit extract. The isolated saponins were identified as gleditsiosides B, C, and Q based on spectral data.

Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy by indocyanine green in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of many types of predominantly epithelial cancers. Photosensitizer is taken up by fast growing tumor cells more actively than by other body cells and is activated by light, generating reactive oxygen species that cause cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PDT with indocyanine green (ICG) through the investigation of TP53, HER-2 and TOP2A genes signals as breast cancer gene markers by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (nuc-FISH).

Photodynamic therapeutic activity of indocyanine green entrapped in polymeric nanoparticles.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality involving the use of a photosensitizer agent activated by light of appropriate wavelength to selectively destroy tumor cells. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a promising photosensitive agent for PDT of tumor cells. The main disadvantage of using ICG in PDT is the instability of ICG in aqueous solutions.

Scaling up, characterization of levan and its inhibitory role in carcinogenesis initiation stage'.

Honey isolate Bacillus subtilis M was cultivated in shake flasks and in 16-l bioreactor cultures to investigate cell growth, bio-metabolites production kinetics and bioprocess scalability. The respective maximal levan and levansucrase productions of 59.5 g/l and 74.

Anti-genotoxic effect of the Sargassum dentifolium extracts: prevention of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and DNA fragmentation.

The alga Sargassum dentifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, belongs to Sargassaceae, is a brown seaweed in red sea shores in Egypt. This work aimed to extract different water-soluble polysaccharide extracts (E1, E2, and E3) from S.