Evaluation of tumor-colonizing strains using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model.

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model is a valuable preclinical model for studying the tumor-colonizing process of serovar Typhimurium. It offers advantages such as cost-effectiveness, rapid turnaround, reduced engraftment issues, and ease of observation. In this study, we explored and validated the applicability of the partially immune-deficient CAM tumor model.

Targeting unique ligand binding domain structural features downregulates DKK1 in Y537S ESR1 mutant breast cancer cells.

Resistance to endocrine therapies remains a major clinical hurdle in breast cancer. Mutations to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) arise after continued therapeutic pressure. Next generation selective estrogen receptor modulators and degraders/downregulators (SERMs and SERDs) show clinical efficacy, but responses are often non-durable.

Targeting Unique Ligand Binding Domain Structural Features Downregulates DKK1 in Y537S Mutant Breast Cancer Cells.

Resistance to endocrine therapies remains a major clinical hurdle in breast cancer. Mutations to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) arise after continued therapeutic pressure. Next generation selective estrogen receptor modulators and degraders/downregulators (SERMs and SERDs) show clinical efficacy, but responses are often non-durable.

Targeting Unique Ligand Binding Domain Structural Features Downregulates DKK1 in Y537S Mutant Breast Cancer Cells.

Resistance to endocrine therapies remains a major clinical hurdle in breast cancer. Mutations to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) arise after continued therapeutic pressure. Next generation selective estrogen receptor modulators and degraders/downregulators (SERMs and SERDs) show clinical efficacy, but responses are often non-durable.

Polypharmacy and cumulative anticholinergic burden in older adults hospitalized with fall.

Introduction: Polypharmacy is a growing phenomenon associated with adverse effects in older adults. We assessed the potential confounding effects of cumulative anticholinergic burden (ACB) in patients who were hospitalized with falls.

Methods: A noninterventional, prospective cohort study of unselected, acute admissions aged ≥ 65 years.

Encephalopsin (OPN3) is required for normal refractive development and the GO/GROW response to induced myopia.

Purpose: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common form of refractive error and is increasing in prevalence. While significant efforts have been made to identify genetic variants that predispose individuals to myopia, these variants are believed to account for only a small portion of the myopia prevalence, leading to a feedback theory of emmetropization, which depends on the active perception of environmental visual cues. Consequently, there has been renewed interest in studying myopia in the context of light perception, beginning with the opsin family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Polyimidazolium Protects against an Invasive Clinical Isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium.

Frequent outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium infection, in both animal and human populations and with the potential for zoonotic transmission, pose a significant threat to the public health sector. The rapid emergence and spread of more invasive multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella further highlight the need for the development of new drugs with effective broad-spectrum bactericidal activities. The synthesis and evaluation of main-chain cationic polyimidazolium 1 (PIM1) against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have previously demonstrated the efficacy profile of PIM1.

Extranodal extension, an international survey on its evaluation and reporting in breast cancer patients.

Lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. In addition to the number of nodes involved and the largest metastatic focus, extranodal extension (ENE) is also used to subclassify breast cancer patients into different risk groups. More recently, pathologists are required to report the size/extent of ENE per the new CAP guideline, as it seems to be associated with more axillary nodal burden and/or a worse prognosis.

Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast: Update on Molecular Profile With Focus on Pediatric Population.

Context.—: This review article derives from the breast pathology lecture at the Eighth Princeton Integrated Pathology Symposium (PIPS VIII).

Objective.

Tolerogenic Immunoregulation towards Salmonella Enteritidis Contributes to Colonization Persistence in Young Chicks.

Long-term survival and the persistence of bacteria in the host suggest either host unresponsiveness or induction of an immunological tolerant response to the pathogen. The role of the host immunological response to persistent colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in chickens remains poorly understood. In the current study, we performed a cecal tonsil transcriptome analysis in a model of SE persistent infection in 2-week-old chickens to comprehensively examine the dynamics of host immunological responses in the chicken gastrointestinal tract.

Integrative analysis of gut microbiome and metabolites revealed novel mechanisms of intestinal Salmonella carriage in chicken.

Intestinal carriage of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in the chicken host serves as a reservoir for transmission of Salmonella to humans through the consumption of poultry products. The aim of the current study was to examine the three-way interaction that occurred between host metabolites, resident gut microbiota and Salmonella following inoculation of SE in two-week-old layer chicks. Our results revealed an overall alteration in gut microbiome and metabolites in association with SE infection.

Bioinspired Slippery Lubricant-Infused Surfaces With External Stimuli Responsive Wettability: A Mini Review.

Responsive slippery lubricant-infused surfaces (SLIS) have attracted substantial attention because of the high demand of fundamental research and practical applications, such as controllable liquid-repellency, intelligent, and easy-to-implement wettability switching. In this review, advanced development of responsive slippery surfaces is briefly summarized upon various external stimuli, including stress, electrical field, magnetic field, and temperature. In addition, remaining challenge and prospect are also discussed.

Commensal Enterobacteriaceae Protect against Salmonella Colonization through Oxygen Competition.

Neonates are highly susceptible to infection with enteric pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms are not resolved. We show that neonatal chick colonization with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis requires a virulence-factor-dependent increase in epithelial oxygenation, which drives pathogen expansion by aerobic respiration. Co-infection experiments with an Escherichia coli strain carrying an oxygen-sensitive reporter suggest that S.

Comparison of prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason 5 and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with tumor necrosis. A morphometric study.

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate(IDCP) is defined as a solid or cribriform neoplastic growth confined to ducts and acini, with preservation of the basal cell layer. Since IDCP can often present tumor necrosis (TN), it should be distinguished from Gleason 5 (GP5) invasive adenocarcinoma for staging and clinical purposes. In the present study we reviewed 344 radical prostatectomies performed at our institution and selected all cases with either >5% GP5 or IDCP for assessment of TN on histology slides (n = 59).

Virial series expansion and Monte Carlo studies of equation of state for hard spheres in narrow cylindrical pores.

In this paper, the virial series expansion and constant pressure Monte Carlo method are used to study the longitudinal pressure equation of state for hard spheres in narrow cylindrical pores. We invoke dimensional reduction and map the model into an effective one-dimensional fluid model with interacting internal degrees of freedom. The one-dimensional model is extensive.

Mapping and modelling the impact of mass drug adminstration on filariasis prevalence in Myanmar.

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in Myanmar and targeted for elimination. To highlight the National Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (NPELF) progress between 2000 and 2014, this paper describes the geographical distribution of LF, the scale-up and impact of mass drug administration (MDA) implementation, and the first evidence of the decline in transmission in five districts.

Methods: The LF distribution was determined by mapping historical and baseline prevalence data collected by NPELF.

Tumor necrosis in radical prostatectomies with high-grade prostate cancer is associated with multiple poor prognostic features and a high prevalence of residual disease.

The Gleason grading system and the recently defined Grade Groups are strong, well-established predictors of outcome in prostate cancer. Each Gleason score, however, is the result of a sum of categories (Gleason patterns or GPs) that are intrinsically heterogeneous, as each individual pattern encompasses several tumor morphologies. Although the prognostic value of specific morphologic components of GP4 has recently been demonstrated, the significance of the different patterns of GP5 is largely unknown.

Inhibition of IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) proteins represses inflammatory status via nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in murine endometriosis lesions.

Problem: How is the role of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in the development of murine endometriosis lesions?

Method Of Study: BALB/c female mice (n = 36) were used for the murine endometriosis model. Endometriotic lesions were surgically induced in mice by transplanting mouse uterine tissue. After 4 weeks of IAP antagonist (BV6) treatment, the expression of inflammatory factors in the implants was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR.

Consumption of fruits and vegetables and associations with risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Yangon region of Myanmar: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To explore the intake of fruits and vegetables in the Yangon region, Myanmar, and to describe associations between intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and established risk factors for non-communicable diseases.

Design: 2 cross-sectional studies, using the STEPs methodology.

Setting: Urban and rural areas of the Yangon region of Myanmar.

Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis Infection Alters the Indigenous Microbiota Diversity in Young Layer Chicks.

Avian gastrointestinal (GI) tracts are highly populated with a diverse array of microorganisms that share a symbiotic relationship with their hosts and contribute to the overall health and disease state of the intestinal tract. The microbiome of the young chick is easily prone to alteration in its composition by both exogenous and endogenous factors, especially during the early posthatch period. The genetic background of the host and exposure to pathogens can impact the diversity of the microbial profile that consequently contributes to the disease progression in the host.

Third and fourth virial coefficients for hard disks in narrow channels.

The third (B3) and fourth (B4) virial coefficients of hard disks in narrow channels have been evaluated accurately by Gaussian quadrature for a range of channel widths (2Rp), Rp < (√3 + 2)/4 = 0.9930..

Anisotropic diffusion in a two-dimensional model with obstruction and a comparison of mean first passage time calculations.

The disagreement between two different studies of the diffusion equation for two hard disks to diffuse past each other in a narrow channel remains unresolved. Two different values for the divergence exponent of the mean first passage time (MFPT) were obtained. This has motivated the proposal that the difference arises from the use of different and nonequivalent definitions for the MFPT.

Containing artemisinin resistance of in Myanmar: achievements, challenges and the way forward.

Artemisinin resistance is a major threat to global malaria control and elimination efforts. Myanmar detected the first indication of the resistance in 2009 in the eastern part of the country, bordering Thailand. Since 2010, WHO has played a vital role in ensuring that a comprehensive programme on the containment of the resistance is in place.