infection induces the resistance of the interferon-γ response in mouse spleen cells at late stages of infection.

Background: Bacterial infections cause an increase in the population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To investigate the downstream factors associated with hematopoietic stem cells, mice are infected with ().

Results: () infection induces the enlargement of the spleen and changes in histopathology, including changes to the lineage populations.

Enhanced RIG-I expression is mediated by interferon regulatory factor-2 in peripheral blood B cells from hepatitis C virus-infected patients.

Chronic hepatitis C patients carry the risk of developing into B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). To clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, we first investigated the molecular markers of B cells from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. CD19-positive cells were isolated as B cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients infected with the hepatitis C virus and IFN-related gene expression was analyzed.

An improved abnormal toxicity test by using reference vaccine-specific body weight curves and histopathological data for monitoring vaccine quality and safety in Japan.

Vaccines differ from other pharmaceutical products. The quality and safety of batches are regulated to high standards by national regulatory authorities. Various quality control and safety tests have been developed, including the abnormal toxicity test (ATT), which is described in the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and in each country's pharmacopoeia.