In Situ Characterization of Human Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells.

The development of an effective humoral response to pathogens and immunogens is a multiphase biological process, which is mediated by the coordinated function of specialized immune cell types in secondary lymphoid organs and particularly in T cell and follicular areas. More specifically, within the follicular/germinal center area, the orchestrated interplay between B cells, follicular helper CD4 T cells (Tfh), and stromal cells triggers a cascade of immune reactions leading to the development of memory B cells and plasma cells able to generate effective, antigen-specific antibodies. The role of Tfh cells in this process is critical.

Multilevel human secondary lymphoid immune system compartmentalization revealed by complementary imaging approaches.

Secondary human lymphoid tissue immune reactions take place in a highly coordinated environment with compartmentalization representing a fundamental feature of this organization. profiling methodologies are indispensable for the understanding of this compartmentalization. Here, we propose a complementary experimental approach aiming to reveal different aspects of this process.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein induces global proteomic changes in ATII-like rat L2 cells that are attenuated by hyaluronan.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a major impact on global health and economy since its identification in early 2020, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, along with a growing number of variants, COVID-19 has led to 651,918,402 confirmed cases and 6,656,601 deaths worldwide (as of December 27, 2022; https://covid19.who.

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Protein Induces Global Proteomic Changes in ATII-Like Rat L2 Cells that are Attenuated by Hyaluronan.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a major impact on global health and economy since its identification in early 2020, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, along with a growing number of variants that have been characterized to date, COVID-19 has led to 571,198,904 confirmed cases, and 6,387,863 deaths worldwide (as of July 15 , 2022). Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of COVID19 pathogenesis, the precise mechanism by which SARS-CoV2 causes epithelial injury is incompletely understood.

AICAR decreases acute lung injury by phosphorylating AMPK and upregulating heme oxygenase-1.

Aim: We investigated the mechanisms by which N1-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), decreases lung injury and mortality when administered to mice post exposure to bromine gas (Br).

Methods: We exposed male C57BL/6 mice and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-deficient (HO-1) and corresponding wild-type (WT) littermate mice to Br (600 ppm for 45 or 30 min, respectively) in environmental chambers and returned them to room air. AICAR was administered 6 h post exposure (10 mg·kg, intraperitoneal).

Chlorine inhalation induces acute chest syndrome in humanized sickle cell mouse model and ameliorated by postexposure hemopexin.

Triggering factors of Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and targeted therapies are limited. Chlorine (Cl) inhalation happens frequently, but its role as a potential trigger of ACS has not been determined. In this study, we hypothesized that Cl exposure resembling that in the vicinity of industrial accidents induces acute hemolysis with acute lung injury, reminiscent of ACS in humanized SCD mice.

Cyclosporine: an old weapon in the fight against coronaviruses.

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The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the activation of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatic inflammation.

Background And Aims: Chronic viral hepatitis is a prevalent disease with major health implications. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. IL-1β and the NLRP3 inflammasome involvement has been suggested in recent years, from in vitro data and data from peripheral blood samples.

Palmitoylation gates phosphorylation-dependent regulation of BK potassium channels.

Large conductance calcium- and voltage-gated potassium (BK) channels are important regulators of physiological homeostasis and their function is potently modulated by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. PKA regulates the channel through phosphorylation of residues within the intracellular C terminus of the pore-forming alpha-subunits. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit effects changes in channel activity are unknown.

Spirometric values in Gypsy (Roma) children.

Values of spirometry indices vary among subjects of similar age, gender and somatometrics but of different ethnic origins. Low socioeconomic status in childhood is inversely related to lung growth. The aim of this investigation was to assess spirometry values in Gypsy children and compare them to reported values for Caucasians.

Reactive oxygen metabolites as an index of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether reactive oxygen metabolite species (ROMs) correlated with lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate whether ROMs could be used as an index of COPD severity.

Methods: ROMs were evaluated in plasma by a colorimetric method (d-ROM-test) in 94 patients with COPD and in 31 healthy nonsmokers subjects. Spirometry, exhaled carbon monoxide and pulse oxymetry was performed in all patients.