Microscopic many-body models based on inputs from first-principles density functional theory are used to calculate the carrier losses due to free carrier Auger-Meitner recombination (AMR) processes in Mo- and W-based monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides as a function of the carrier density, temperature, and dielectric environment. Despite the exceptional strength of Coulomb interaction in the two-dimensional materials, the AMR losses are found to be similar in magnitude to those in conventional III-V-based quantum wells for the same wavelengths. Unlike the case in III-V materials, the losses show nontrivial density dependencies due to the fact that bandgap renormalizations on the order of hundreds of millielectronvolts can bring higher bands into or out of resonance with the optimal energy level for the AMR transition, approximately one bandgap from the lowest band.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe predict the emergence of novel X-waves emitted as a consequence of extreme dispersive shock regularization of an intense long wave few cycle pulse propagating through a weakly dispersive medium. This robust propagation-invariant solution to Maxwell's equations appears as the asymptotic state in the high harmonic conversion when the pump propagates in a strongly nonlinear weakly dispersive regime, while the weakly nonlinear conical emission is dominated by chromatic dispersion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising high-energy-density technology for next-generation energy storage but suffer from an inadequate lifespan. The poor cycle life of Li-S batteries stems from their commonly adopted catholyte-mediated operating mechanism, where the shuttling of dissolved polysulfides results in active material loss on the sulfur cathode and surface corrosion on the lithium anode. Here, we report formation of a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSSE) on the metallic 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS) host that extends the lifetime of Li-S batteries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe carrier losses due to radiative recombination in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are studied using fully microscopic many-body models. The density- and temperature-dependent losses in various Mo- and W-based materials are shown to be dominated by Coulomb correlations beyond the Hartree-Fock level. Despite the much stronger Coulomb interaction in 2D materials, the radiative losses are comparable-if not weaker-than in conventional III-V materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMode-locked vertical external cavity semiconductor lasers are a unique class of nonlinear dynamical systems driven far from equilibrium. We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, experimental result, supported by rigorous microscopic simulations, of two coexisting mode-locked V-cavity configurations sourced by a common gain medium and operating as independent channels at angle controlled separated wavelengths. Microscopic simulations support pulses coincident on the common gain chip extracting photons from a nearby pair of coexisting kinetic holes burned in the carrier distributions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI) was developed according to WHO standards and has been validated in population-based cohorts. However, there are limited data on its relationship to various psychosocial and economic variables or its relevance to hospital clinical practice. The study aims were to determine the validity and reliability of the IBD-DI in an English-speaking hospital out-patient population and to evaluate its association with short and long-term disease activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the long-wave infrared (LWIR) range, where, due to wavelength scaling, the critical power of Kerr self-focusing P in air increases to 300-400 GW, we demonstrate that without external focusing a train of picosecond CO laser pulses can propagate in the form of a single several-centimeter diameter channel over hundreds of meters. The train of 10 µm pulses, for which the total energy ≥20 J is distributed over several near-terawatt picosecond pulses with a maximum power ≤2P, is generated naturally during short pulse amplification in a CO laser. It is observed that the high-power 10 µm beam forms a large diameter "hot gas" channel in the ambient air with a ≥ 50 ms lifetime.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe derive gauge invariant semiconductor Bloch equations (GI-SBEs) that contain only gauge invariant band structure; shift vectors, and triple phase products. The validity and utility of the GI-SBEs is demonstrated in intense laser driven solids with broken inversion symmetry and nontrivial topology. The GI-SBEs present a useful platform for modeling and interpreting light-matter interactions in solids, in which the gauge freedom of the Bloch basis functions obscures physics and creates numerical obstacles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigher-order optical harmonics entered the realm of nanostructured solids being observed recently in optical gratings and metasurfaces with a subwavelength thickness. Structuring materials at the subwavelength scale allows us toresonantly enhance the efficiency of nonlinear processes and reduce the size of high-harmonic sources. We report the observation of up to a seventh harmonic generated from a single subwavelength resonator made of AlGaAs material.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer MoS is studied using fully microscopic many-body models based on the semiconductor Bloch equations and density functional theory. It is shown that Coulomb correlations lead to a dramatic enhancement of HHG. In particular, near the bandgap, enhancements of two orders of magnitude or more are observed for a wide range of excitation wavelengths and intensities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. In 2021, several vaccines were provisionally approved to reduce the risk of transmission and hospitalisation of COVID-19 infection. A surge in COVID-19 vaccination was seen between August and October 2021 in Victoria, Australia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to evaluate the impact of a health condition on quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to identify the range of PROMs that are currently in common use in clinical trials in dysphagia following stroke and to qualitatively analyse these PROMs by mapping the content to both the International Classification of Functioning and Disability Framework (ICF) and the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Taxonomy for outcome classification. With consideration for the PRISMA-ScR checklist, a scoping review was conducted to identify commonly used PROMs in randomised controlled trials reported in persons with dysphagia stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnbased fully microscopic many-body approach is used to study the carrier relaxation dynamics in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides. Bandstructures and wavefunctions as well as phonon energies and coupling matrix elements are calculated using density functional theory. The resulting dipole and Coulomb matrix elements are implemented in the Dirac-Bloch equations to calculate carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon scatterings throughout the whole Brillouin zone (BZ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe study the interplay between three-dimensional (3D) fully correlated optical turbulence and nonlinearity in time and 3D space resolved long-wavelength infrared pulsed beam propagation. Here the average self-trapped beam waist exceeds the inner scale in contrast to near-infrared filaments, and we find that their nonlinear self-channeling remains robust even in the presence of strong turbulence. More surprisingly, our simulation results invite a conjecture that in regimes where diffraction and nonlinearity are roughly balanced, turbulence can result in a tighter localization of the nonlinear beam core.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeriodic nanoparticle arrays have attracted considerable interest recently since the lattice effect can lead to spectrally narrow resonances and tune the resonance position in a broad range. Multipole decomposition is widely used to analyze the role of the multipoles in the resonance excitations, radiation, and scattering of electromagnetic waves. However, previous studies have not addressed the validity and accuracy of the multipole decomposition around the lattice resonance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHope has been conceptualized as agency and pathways to achieve goals. However, this goal-directed conceptualization does not encapsulate all situations in which hope may be beneficial. To address the dispositional motivation to endure when a desired goal seems unattainable, unlikely, or even impossible (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-wave multi-joule ultrashort laser pulses are predicted to confine highly uniform electromagnetic energy and field intensities while sustaining high density uniform plasmas within nonlinear Bessel zones under extreme driving conditions in contrast to near-IR sources. This opens up novel applications in laser wakefield generation, radiofrequency/microwave guiding, and lightning control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of motor vehicles to initiate mass casualty incidents is increasing in frequency and such events are called intentional vehicular assaults. Perpetrators are inspired by a range of terrorist ideologies or have extremist views, criminal intent, or mental health issues. Assaults using a motor vehicle as the principal weapon of attack are easy to launch and require little to no forward planning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) aims to overcome some of the technical challenges faced when operating on mid and low rectal cancers. Specimen quality has been confirmed previously, but recent concerns have been raised about oncological safety. This multicentre prospective study aimed to evaluate the safety of taTME among early adopters in Australia and New Zealand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUsing a full-field propagator model, we report on the emergence of highly localized, subcycle solitonic structures for few-cycle long-wave-infrared (LWIR) pulses propagating through optical semiconductor materials with efficient quadratic nonlinearities and broad anomalous transmission windows. We briefly discuss the theoretical basis for the observed spatiotemporal carrier-wave dynamics and compare it to simulations of a weakly perturbed pulse's propagation through two currently grown, low-loss IR semiconductor crystals.
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