Concurrent preoperative eribulin and radiation for resectable retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a phase 1B study.

Background: Management of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLPS) is challenging and recurrence rates remain high despite aggressive surgical resections. Preoperative radiation alone lacks definitive benefit, thus we sought to evaluate combined chemoradiotherapy with the potential to enhance local efficacy of radiation as well as control micrometastatic disease. We assessed the safety and tolerability of preoperative eribulin, a cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced liposarcoma, in combination with radiation in patients with RPLPS.

Initial experience in implementing quantitative DCE-MRI to predict breast cancer therapy response in a multi-center and multi-vendor platform setting.

Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI as a promising method for the prediction of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been demonstrated mostly in single-center and single-vendor platform studies. This preliminary study reports the initial experience in implementing quantitative breast DCE-MRI in multi-center (MC) and multi-vendor platform (MP) settings to predict NAC response. MRI data, including B mapping, variable flip angle (VFA) measurements of native tissue R (R), and DCE-MRI, were acquired during NAC at three sites using 3T systems with Siemens, Philips, and GE platforms, respectively.

Rule-based clinician-developed programmes can facilitate haemodialysis clinical workflows.

There are routine hospital workflows that are not addressed by certain institutional electronic medical records, including the detection of patients requiring haemodialysis who are admitted under non-nephrology services. In this study, the feasibility and performance of a clinician-developed automated haemodialysis patient finder was evaluated. The programme ran with zero downtime for 6 months and had zero false negatives or false positives.

Sigmoid volvulus-Can CT features predict outcomes and recurrence?

Objectives: Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is a common cause of bowel obstruction, especially in older patients. SV can be mesenteroaxial (M-SV) or organoaxial (O-SV). The purpose of this study was to assess if CT findings in SV are associated with clinical outcomes.

Association of Diabetes with Changes in Blood Pressure during Hemodialysis: A Secondary Analysis of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of kidney failure and is often complicated by autonomic neuropathy, which may have implications for blood pressure (BP) homeostasis during hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: In this post hoc analysis of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial, we used random effects Poisson and linear regression models to estimate the association of diabetes (vs. not) with intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) and peri-dialytic BP parameters, respectively.

Comparison of Ga-DOTATATE Positron Emmited Tomography/Computed Tomography and Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Liver Metastases from Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors.

This study aimed to compare the detection of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NLMs) in hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced MRI (pMR) versus Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (DT-PET). This retrospective study cohort included 30 patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors who underwent both DT-PET and pMR. Two readers independently assessed NLMs count, SUVmax on DT-PET, and signal characteristics on pMR.

Current Status of Cancer Genomics and Imaging Phenotypes: What Radiologists Need to Know.

Ongoing discoveries in cancer genomics and epigenomics have revolutionized clinical oncology and precision health care. This knowledge provides unprecedented insights into tumor biology and heterogeneity within a single tumor, among primary and metastatic lesions, and among patients with the same histologic type of cancer. Large-scale genomic sequencing studies also sparked the development of new tumor classifications, biomarkers, and targeted therapies.

Adrenal Mass Biopsy in Patients Without Extraadrenal Primary Malignancy: A Multicenter Study.

Adrenal washout CT is not useful for evaluating incidental adrenal masses in patients without known or suspected primary extraadrenal malignancy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of adrenal mass biopsy in patients without known or suspected extraadrenal primary malignancy. This retrospective six-center study included 69 patients (mean age, 56 years; 32 men, 37 women) without known or suspected extraadrenal primary malignancy who underwent image-guided core needle biopsy between January 2004 and June 2021 of a mass suspected to be arising from the adrenal gland.

Ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant surveillance in Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas, Thunberg, 1793) in Australia in 2011.

Objective: To demonstrate that OsHV-1 microvariant was limited to the known infected areas in New South Wales at the time of the survey in 2011.

Design: A 2-stage survey to demonstrate probability of infection at 2% design prevalence within oyster growing regions and to detect at least one infected region (4% design prevalence) with 95% confidence.

Sample Population: Magallana gigas in nominated oyster growing regions in New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania as approved by the Aquatic Consultative Committee on Emergency Animal Diseases and documented in a national surveillance plan.

Vascular disease risk factors in multiple sclerosis: Effect on metabolism and brain volumes.

Background: Vascular disease risk factors (VDRF) such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes and heart disease likely play a role in disease progression in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) (Marrie, Rudick et al. 2010). Studies exploring the mechanistic connection between vascular disease and MS disease progression are scant.

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy and systemic therapy in the management of tumour thrombus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and tumour thrombus remain poor. Recent data suggest limited role for cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and data on thrombus response to systemic therapy (ST) is scarce. Here, we describe response and survival of patients with de novo mRCC and thrombi treated with ST with or without CN.

A radiomic model to classify response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Background: Medical image analysis has evolved to facilitate the development of methods for high-throughput extraction of quantitative features that can potentially contribute to the diagnostic and treatment paradigm of cancer. There is a need for further improvement in the accuracy of predictive markers of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The aim of this study was to develop a radiomic classifier to enhance current approaches to predicting the response to NAC breast cancer.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, hybrid parallel-arm study of low-dose naltrexone as an adjunctive anti-inflammatory treatment for major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The current treatments are ineffective in approximately one-third of patients, resulting in a large economic burden and reduced quality of life for a significant proportion of the global population. There is considerable evidence that increased inflammation may distinguish a sub-type of MDD, and there are no validated diagnostic tools or treatments for neuroinflammation in MDD patients.

Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Introduction: The ability to accurately predict pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer would improve patient selection for specific treatment strategies, would provide important information for patients to aid in the treatment selection process, and could potentially avoid the need for more extensive surgery. The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting pCR has previously been studied, with mixed results. Magnetic resonance imaging performance may also be influenced by tumour and patient factors.

Clostridial panophthalmitis - An unusual case of localised malignant oedema in Merino lambs associated with Clostridium chauvoei.

The authors report an unusual case of Clostridium chauvoei causing severe panophthalmitis in Merino lambs. More than half of the lambs affected survived, which is unusual for clostridial disease; however, there have been reports in humans that the mortality risk for ocular gas gangrene is lower than when other body parts are affected. A combination of factors in this case included environmental contamination (specific to a particular paddock), genetics predisposing to entropion (lambs born of maiden 2-year-old ewes with some inbreeding), the practice of manually everting eyelids for the entropion and vaccination strategies.

Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): II. Noninvasive, high-resolution human brain mapping of sodium pump flux and cell metrics.

We introduce a new H O magnetic resonance approach: metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI). Numerical diffusion-weighted imaging decay simulations characterized by the mean cellular water efflux (unidirectional) rate constant (k ), mean cell volume (V), and cell number density (ρ) are produced from Monte Carlo random walks in virtual stochastically sized/shaped cell ensembles. Because of active steady-state trans-membrane water cycling (AWC), k reflects the cytolemmal Na , K ATPase (NKA) homeostatic cellular metabolic rate ( MR ).

Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): I. Metabolic, cytometric modeling and simulations.

Evidence mounts that the steady-state cellular water efflux (unidirectional) first-order rate constant (k [s ]) magnitude reflects the ongoing, cellular metabolic rate of the cytolemmal Na , K -ATPase (NKA), MR (pmol [ATP consumed by NKA]/s/cell), perhaps biology's most vital enzyme. Optimal H O MR k determinations require paramagnetic contrast agents (CAs) in model systems. However, results suggest that the homeostatic metabolic k biomarker magnitude in vivo is often too large to be reached with allowable or possible CA living tissue distributions.

Comparison of catheters or new arteriovenous fistulas for commencement of haemodialysis in pregnant women with chronic kidney disease: an international observational study.

Background: Evidence surrounding vascular access options for commencing dialysis in pregnancy complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. Creation of new arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in pregnant women is rare.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of approaches to vascular access in pregnancy in centres in Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada (2002-2018).

Breast cancer recurrence: factors impacting occurrence and survival.

Background: Breast cancer mortality has decreased due to improved screening and treatment options. Nevertheless, 25-30% of patients develop disease recurrence and die from the disease dissemination. Patients who develop metastatic disease represent a heterogeneous group and management plans are dependent on molecular subtype, disease burden and metastatic site.

The Wavelia Microwave Breast Imaging system-tumour discriminating features and their clinical usefulness.

Objective: The Wavelia Microwave Breast Imaging (MBI) system, based on non-ionising imaging technology, has demonstrated exciting potential in the detection and localisation of breast pathology in symptomatic patients. In this study, the ability of the system to accurately estimate the size and likelihood of malignancy of breast lesions is detailed, and its clinical usefulness determined.

Methods: Institutional review board and Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA) approval were obtained.

Appendiceal tumours - A correlation of CT features and histopathological diagnosis.

Appendiceal tumours are uncommon neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. An understanding of the imaging appearances facilitates an accurate radiological description, which guides surgical and oncological management. In this study, a retrospective review of the CT imaging and histopathology of all cases of appendiceal tumours discussed at the oncology multidisciplinary meetings in a single centre, over an 8-year period (2012-2019) is performed.