Neurological injury in pediatric heart disease: A review of developmental and acquired risk factors and management considerations.

Medical and surgical advancements have improved survival in children with acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD), but the burden of neurological morbidity is high. Brain disorders associated with CHD include white matter injury, stroke, seizure, and neurodevelopmental delays. While genetics and disease-specific factors play a substantial role in early brain injury, therapeutic management of the heart disease intensifies the risk.

Parental holding of infants improves haemodynamics in the cardiac ICU.

We performed a single-centre, retrospective study to assess physiologic changes of infants in the cardiac ICU while being held by their parent. Continuous data streaming of vital signs were collected for infants included in the study from January 2021 to March 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the electronic medical record.

Clinical Features, Treatment Strategies, and Outcomes in Hospitalized Children With Immune-Mediated Encephalopathies.

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are immune-mediated brain conditions that can cause substantial neurological sequalae. Data describing the clinical characteristics, treatments, and neurological outcomes for these conditions are needed.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective review of children diagnosed with AE or ADEM over a nine-year period with discharge outcomes measured by the Modified Rankin Score.

Review of Health Consequences of Electronic Cigarettes and the Outbreak of Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-operated devices to insufflate nicotine or other psychoactive e-liquid aerosols. Despite initial claims of e-cigarettes as a nicotine-cessation device, aggressive marketing of e-cigarettes has led to an explosion in adolescents' and young adults' use over the last few years. Coupled with a lack of adequate investigation and regulation of e-cigarettes, the USA is facing an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) starting in mid-2019.

Severe E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use Associated Lung Injury Requiring Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objectives: To report a severe case of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury with complex course requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design: Case report.

Setting: PICU in an academic medical center.

Assessing Nursing and Pediatric Resident Understanding of Delirium in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Delirium is a common disease process in the pediatric critical care unit, yet practices for screening and prevention vary drastically between institutions. The authors hypothesized that surveying pediatric residents and nurses who care for patients in the intensive care setting would expose misunderstandings about delirium. They brought to light common incorrect beliefs that benzodiazepines are appropriate therapy for delirium and that children who are delirious will not have memories of the experience.

Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Rare Hepatic Tumor in a Child.

Mucinous cystadenomas (MCAs) of the liver (also called hepatic biliary cystadenomas) are rare tumors that comprise about 5% of cystic masses of the liver in adults. These slow-growing lesions most commonly occur in middle-aged individuals, with a female sex predominance. Herein, we present a MCA in a 6-year-old male, one of only very few such cases described in the pediatric literature to date.

Unique spectrum of GJB2 mutations in Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of mutations in three relatively common deafness genes in Mexican individuals with non-syndromic hearing loss.

Methods: We sequenced GJB2 for mutations, screened for two deletions involving GJB6, del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854), and for the m.1555A>G mutation in the MTRNR1 gene in 76 (71 simplex and 5 multiplex) unrelated Mexican probands with prelingual non-syndromic hearing loss.