Monkeypox scenario in India: a review study.

The monkeypox virus, which causes the viral zoonotic disease, is known as the most significant orthopoxvirus infection following the elimination of smallpox. The monkeypox virus, which was previously exclusive to West and Central African nations and caused endemic diseases in monkeys and people, has recently been linked to human infections in non-endemic areas including the United States of America (USA) and more than 30 additional countries. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox have also recently been made available by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India and the Indian Government.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Genotypes, and Mutants in HBsAg-Positive Patients in Meerut, India.

Background: Genetic changeability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) signifies a challenge for the sensitivity of immunologic and molecular diagnostics. Therefore, knowing the spread of HBV genotypes (GENs) and mutation has considerable impacts on treatment strategies, vaccination program, diagnosis, and prevention. The present study aimed to detect HBV GENs and mutants in HBsAg-positive patients.

Linezolid and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci: A Therapeutic Problem.

Introduction: Enterococci are recognized as opportunistic pathogens, as well as commensals in both humans and animals. They are an important cause of nosocomial infections, difficult to treat, as the organism have intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics.

Aim: To isolate and identify clinically relevant up to species level from all the clinical samples processed in the microbiology laboratory and also to study their resistance pattern.

Bio-Medical Waste Managment in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Overview.

Introduction: Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) management is of utmost importance as its improper management poses serious threat to health care workers, waste handlers, patients, care givers, community and finally the environment. Simultaneously, the health care providers should know the quantity of waste generated in their facility and try to reduce the waste generation in day-to-day work because lesser amount of BMW means a lesser burden on waste disposal work and cost saving.

Aim: To have an overview of management of BMW in a tertiary care teaching hospital so that effective interventions and implementations can be carried out for better outcome.

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on salivary myeloperoxidase levels: A biochemical study.

Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), the most abundant protein in neutrophils, is the focus of inflammatory pathologies. MPO could participate in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 patients with healthy gingiva, gingivitis, periodontitis between age group of 20-55 years were selected.

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Inconsistencies in Vancomycin Susceptibility Testing Methods, Limitations and Advantages of each Method.

Background: Vancomycin may be ineffective against an increasing proportion of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) well within the susceptible range. On the other hand it is common knowledge that determination of vancomycin MICs is method dependent. Therefore, given the apparent variability in vancomycin MIC results obtained with the different methods, the use of the vancomycin MIC to predict the outcome of serious S.

Comparison of biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Candida species in a tertiary care center, North India.

Background And Objectives: Biofilms are colonies of microbial cells encased in a self-produced organic polymeric matrix. The biofilm production is more important for nonalbicans Candida (NAC); as C. albicans possess many other mechanisms to establish infections.

Recurrent hydatid cyst of liver with asymptomatic concomitant hydatid cyst of lung: an unusual presentation-case report.

A 40-year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of pain in abdomen for the past 2 weeks and fever for 3 days. The patient gave history of being previously operated for hydatid cyst of liver 15 years back. His chest radiograph and computed tomography scan revealed a cystic lesion in the right lobe of liver and a cyst in left lung.

Evaluation of phenotypic tests for detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species.

Context: Carbapenemase production is an important mechanism responsible for carbapenem resistance.

Aims: Phenotypic detection and differentiation of types of carbapenemase in carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae is important for proper infection control and appropriate patient management.

Settings And Design: We planned a study to determine the occurrence of Class A Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC type) and Class B Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL type) carbapenemase in hospital and community.

Coordination mode of pentadentate ligand derivative of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol with nickel(II) and copper(II) metal ions: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, molecular modeling and fungicidal study.

Complexes of nickel(II), and copper(II) were synthesized with pantadentate ligand i.e. 3,3'-thiodipropionicacid-bis(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) (L).

Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Proteus penneri: a rare missed pathogen?

Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as Proteus mirabilis, often missing out isolates of Proteus penneri. We report a case of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing and multidrug-resistant P. penneri isolated from pus from pressure sore of a patient of road traffic accident.

Genotype MTBDR plus assay for molecular detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Aim: This study was performed for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, directly from the sputum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Materials And Methods: A commercially available genotype MTBDR plus assay was used for the identification and detection of mutations in Mycobacterial isolates. A total of 100 sputum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed by using the genotype MTBDR plus assay.

A study of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in pregnancy.

Objective: To find the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in pregnant women and compare Pap smear with the HPV DNA test in detecting HPV infection.

Materials And Methods: Hundred antenatal women, irrespective of gestational age, were enrolled as subjects in this prospective pilot study for blood investigations, wet mount examination of cervical discharge, Pap smear, and high-risk HPV DNA detection of cervical scrape by PCR. Women showing abnormality in Pap smear and/or those who were high-risk HPV DNA positive were subjected to colposcopy.

Effect of addition of 2% chlorhexidine or 10% doxycycline on antimicrobial activity of biodentine.

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether the addition of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate or 10% doxycycline would enhance the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212), Candida albicans (ATCC-90028), and Streptococcus mutans (MTCC-497).

Materials And Methods: Three wells of 4 mm diameter and 4 mm depth on each plate were prepared on the agar medium with standardized suspensions of each microorganism. Biodentine powder mixed with 2% chlorhexidine (0.

Micropathological changes in the sub-epidermal zone of normal appearing skin in leprosy.

Leprosy is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects not only the peripheral nerves and skin but also various internal viscera through the hematogenous spread, especially in lepromatous cases. The micropathological changes in epidermis, nerves and skin appendages from lesioned skin reported by various authors but reports of involvement of apparently normal sites are few. We investigated skin biopsy material taken from 130 patients with clinically diagnosed leprosy.

Microbial keratitis in Gujarat, Western India: findings from 200 cases.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to study the epidemiological characteristics and the microbiological profile of patients suspected with microbial keratitis in Gujarat.

Methods: Corneal scraping was collected from 200 consecutive cases of suspected microbial keratitis and was subjected to direct examination and culture.

Results: Of the 200 ulcers 55% were culture positive, 26.

Maxillary osteomyelitis by mucormycosis: report of four cases.

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection commonly affecting structures in the head and neck, such as the air sinuses, orbits, and the brain. Common predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression. We describe our clinical experience with four cases of mucormycosis of the maxillary antrum associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus managed at our centre.

Physician accessories: doctor, what you carry is every patient's worry?

Background: Nosocomial infections are on the rise worldwide and many a times they are carried by the health care personnel. Accessories used by physicians and healthcare personnel can be a potential source of nosocomial infection.

Materials And Methods: We designed a survey with the aim to investigate the prevalence of microbial flora of accessories such as pens, stethoscopes, cell phones and white coat used by the physicians working in a tertiary care hospital.

External ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis: a rare case report from India.

Myiasis of different organs has been reported off and on from various regions in the world. We report a human case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by the larvae of a sheep nasal botfly, Oestrus ovis, for the first time from Meerut city in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. A 25-year-old farmer presented with severe symptoms of conjunctivitis.