A Flattened Curve: National Trends of Women Physicians and Residents in Surgery Over the Last Decade.

Introduction: Women comprise over half of enrolled United States medical students. Yet, they continue to be under-represented in the active physician workforce, particularly among surgical specialties. This study investigates recent trends in the representation of women across surgical specialties in comparison to nonsurgical specialties within the US physician and resident workforce.

Disparities in high risk prenatal care adherence along racial and ethnic lines.

The term "high-risk pregnancy" describes a pregnancy at increased risk for complications due to various maternal or fetal medical, surgical, and/or anatomic issues. In order to best protect the pregnant patient and the fetus, frequent prenatal visits and monitoring are often recommended. Unfortunately, some patients are unable to attend these appointments for various reasons.

"Small" Intestinal Immunopathology Plays a "Big" Role in Lethal Cytokine Release Syndrome, and Its Modulation by Interferon-γ, IL-17A, and a Janus Kinase Inhibitor.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy, administration of certain T cell-agonistic antibodies, immune check point inhibitors, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) caused by streptococcal as well as staphylococcal superantigens share one common complication, that is T cell-driven cytokine release syndrome (CRS) accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). It is not understood whether the failure of a particular organ contributes more significantly to the severity of CRS. Also not known is whether a specific cytokine or signaling pathway plays a more pathogenic role in precipitating MOD compared to others.