One Size Does Not Fit All: A Multifaceted Approach to Educate Families about Newborn Screening.

All families deserve access to readily available, accurate, and relevant information to help them navigate the newborn screening system. Current practices, limited resources, and a siloed newborn screening system create numerous challenges for both providers and families to implement educational opportunities to engage families in ways that meet their needs with relevant and meaningful approaches. Engaging families in newborn screening, especially those from historically underserved communities, is necessary to increase knowledge and confidence which leads to overall improved outcomes for families.

Integrated analyses highlight interactions between the three-dimensional genome and DNA, RNA and epigenomic alterations in metastatic prostate cancer.

The impact of variations in the three-dimensional structure of the genome has been recognized, but solid cancer tissue studies are limited. Here, we performed integrated deep Hi-C sequencing with matched whole-genome sequencing, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) sequencing and RNA sequencing across a cohort of 80 biopsy samples from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Dramatic differences were present in gene expression, 5-methylcytosine/5hmC methylation and in structural variation versus mutation rate between A and B (open and closed) chromatin compartments.

Co-evolution of gene copy number and structural complexity in endocrine therapy resistant prostate cancer.

Androgen receptor (AR) inhibition is standard of care for advanced prostate cancer (PC). However, efficacy is limited by progression to castration-resistant PC (CRPC), usually due to AR re-activation via mechanisms that include amplification and structural rearrangement. These two classes of alterations often co-occur in CRPC tumors, but it is unclear whether this reflects intercellular or intracellular heterogeneity of .

Building Evidence for Principles to Guide the Development of Products for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Extreme Low Literacy-A Product Development Tool.

This article presented a new product development tool for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). People with IDD who also have extreme low literacy (ELL) have unique communication needs; public health communicators often face challenges developing effective communication materials for this audience. To support CDC communication specialists with the development of communication products for adults with IDD/ELL, CDC, with its partners RTI International and CommunicateHealth, created a product development tool for this audience through literature review, expert input, and interviews with adults with IDD/ELL and caregivers of adults with IDD/ELL.

Complexity of Data Displays in Prescription Drug Advertisements for Healthcare Providers.

Background: Healthcare providers (HCPs) often encounter clinical trial results in the form of data displays in prescription drug promotions. Information conveyed in data displays vary in their presentation and complexity. This study describes characteristics of data displays in prescription drug advertising targeted to HCPs.

Tips for health care providers on talking with patients who have intellectual and developmental disabilities about COVID-19.

Background: One in four American adults reports having at least one disability. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people with disabilities and widened already-existing health disparities and inequities. For many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), these disparities are compounded by literacy limitations that make it challenging to access, understand, and act upon critical COVID-19 prevention information.

Perceptions of Health Care, Information, and Social Support Among Women Affected by Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy in Two U.S. States.

Objectives: To understand the information needs and experiences with health care and social support among women with confirmed or possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 women whose pregnancies were part of surveillance efforts in two states, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Using a semi-structured guide available in English and Spanish, we asked women about their experiences.

Visual images of prescription drug benefits in direct-to-consumer television advertisements.

Objective: Images demonstrating a prescription drug's efficacy are often included in direct-to-consumer television advertisements. The current research assessed whether exaggerated efficacy images can mislead individuals, and whether providing accurate quantitative information can reduce these misperceptions.

Methods: We conducted two experimental studies with internet panelists 60 years and older testing drug efficacy images in television ads for wet age-related macular degeneration (N = 901) and plaque psoriasis (N = 902).

Gaps in Knowledge About COVID-19 Among US Residents Early in the Outbreak.

Objectives: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 began to affect the United States in early 2020. This study aimed to assess the US public's initial understanding about the disease and virus to inform public health communication efforts.

Methods: We conducted a survey of US households from February 28 through March 2, 2020, using a probability-based web-panel survey of 1021 US residents.

Information and Emotional Support Needs of Families Whose Infant Was Diagnosed With SCID Through Newborn Screening.

Now that severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) has been added to newborn screening panels in all 50 states in the U.S., there is a need to develop and disseminate well-designed educational materials to parents who need information to make informed decisions about treatment and care for identified infants.

Assessing the newborn screening education needs of families living in medically underserved areas.

Newborn screening (NBS) is a public health service available to all babies born in the United States (US). NBS is one of the first experiences families have in the US healthcare system with a new baby. A positive experience with NBS can give families a strong start to their child's health care and build trusting relationships with providers.

The Effect of Including Quantitative Information on Multiple Endpoints in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Television Advertisements.

Previous research found that adding a single piece of quantitative information about prescription drug benefits to direct-to-consumer (DTC) ads helps consumers understand how well the drug works. However, drug information often includes quantitative information on multiple benefit outcomes and risks. Thus, we examined whether consumer understanding was similarly improved when DTC television ads include varying amounts of quantitative information.

Information needs across the family planning continuum: A survey of women with chronic autoimmune inflammatory conditions.

Objective: This study assessed the information needs of women with chronic autoimmune inflammatory conditions across the pregnancy continuum.

Methods: We conducted a web-based survey with women about information needs related to family planning. Eligible participants were female, aged 18-44, had a diagnosis of a chronic inflammatory condition, and were at one of three pregnancy stages (planning, currently pregnant, or postpartum).

Impact of messages about scientific uncertainty on risk perceptions and intentions to use electronic vaping products.

Background: The science surrounding e-cigarettes and other electronic vaping products (EVPs) is rapidly evolving, and the health effects of vaping are unclear. Little research has explored how individuals respond to information acknowledging scientific uncertainty. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of messages about scientific uncertainty regarding the health effects of vaping on risk perceptions and behavioral intentions.

Improving Safe Use of Medications During Pregnancy: The Roles of Patients, Physicians, and Pharmacists.

Our study sought to explore the actual and potential roles of patients, physicians, and pharmacists, as well as their shared challenges and opportunities, in improving the safety of medication use during pregnancy. We conducted virtual focus groups with 48 women and in-depth interviews with nine physicians and five pharmacists. Qualitative analysis revealed that all three groups of participants reported "playing it safe," the need for an engaged patient making informed decisions, challenges surrounding communication about pregnancy status, and a lack of patient-centric resources.

Making Decisions About Medication Use During Pregnancy: Implications for Communication Strategies.

Objective To explore women's perceptions of the risks and benefits associated with medication use during pregnancy and to better understand how women make decisions related to medication use in pregnancy. Methods We conducted online focus groups with 48 women who used medication during pregnancy or while planning a pregnancy, and 12 in-depth follow-up interviews with a subset of these women. Results We found that women were aware of general risks associated with medication use but were often unable to articulate specific negative outcomes.

How Health Department Contextual Factors Affect Public Health Preparedness (PHP) and Perceptions of the 15 PHP Capabilities.

Objectives: To assess how health department contextual factors influence perceptions of the 15 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide guidance on organizing preparedness activities.

Methods: We conducted an online survey and focus group between September 2015 and May 2016 with directors of preparedness programs in state, metropolitan, and territorial jurisdictions funded by CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) cooperative agreement. The survey collected demographic information and data on contextual factors including leadership, partnerships, organizational structure, resources and structural capacity, and data and evaluation.

Direct-to-Consumer Promotion of Prescription Drugs on Mobile Devices: Content Analysis.

Background: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations state that any prescription drug promotion that presents drug benefits to consumers must also disclose certain information about the drug's risks in a similar manner. Nearly three-quarters of all US mobile phone subscribers use a smartphone, and over half report receiving mobile advertisements on their device.

Objective: The objective of this project was to investigate how prescription drugs are being promoted to consumers using mobile technologies.

Perceptions of emerging tobacco products and nicotine replacement therapy among pregnant women and women planning a pregnancy.

The increasing availability of emerging non-combusted tobacco products (snus, dissolvables, and electronic nicotine delivery systems or ENDS) may have implications for pregnant women and women of reproductive age. We conducted 15 focus groups to explore how women perceive emerging non-combusted tobacco products and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in general, and during pregnancy. Sessions were held in 2013 in four U.

Perceptions and plans for prevention of Ebola: results from a national survey.

Background: Literature suggests that Americans may have higher levels of perceived threat to Ebola than are warranted.

Methods: We surveyed 1018 U.S.

Understanding Women's Preconception Health Goals: Audience Segmentation Strategies for a Preconception Health Campaign.

This article discusses the social marketing planning process and strategies used to design a preconception health campaign, , launched in February 2013. Developing a social marketing strategy for preconception health is a challenging endeavor, in part because preconception health represents a set of diverse behaviors and the audience for the campaign is quite large, encompassing all women of childbearing age whether they intend to become pregnant or not. The network of organizations implementing the campaign, the National Preconception Health Consumer Workgroup, required a broad audience segmentation strategy; therefore, two large audiences were selected.

The cognitive benefits of movement reduction: evidence from dance marking.

In a number of domains, humans adopt a strategy of systematically reducing and minimizing a codified system of movement. One particularly interesting case is "marking" in dance, wherein the dancer performs an attenuated version of the choreography during rehearsal. This is ostensibly to save the dancer's physical energy, but a number of considerations suggest that it may serve a cognitive function as well.