Clinical outcomes and hospital-reported cost associated with surgical site infections and the co-occurrence of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia across US hospitals.

Objective: To evaluate the hospital-reported cost of care, clinical burden, and incidence of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) for hospital admissions with surgical site infections (SSI).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 38 acute-care hospital admissions with a procedure under the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance for SSI was conducted. SSI admissions were identified through NHSN reporting by the hospital.

Clinical characteristics associated with hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia among cancer and transplant patients.

Objective: This study quantified the burden of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) among cancer and transplant patients compared to other patients.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study used data from 41 hospitals between October 2015 and June 2019. Hospitalizations were segmented into categories using diagnosis-related groups (DRG): myeloproliferative (MP) cancer, solid tumor cancer, transplant, and non-cancer/non-transplant ("reference group").

Trends and outcomes in community-onset and hospital-onset among hospitals in the United States from 2015 to 2020.

Background: We investigated trends in (staph) bacteremia incidence stratified by methicillin susceptibility (methicillin-susceptible [MSSA] vs. methicillin-resistant [MRSA]) and onset designation (community-onset [CO] vs. hospital-onset [HO]).

The Clinical and Economic Implications of Different Treatment Pathways for Patients With Rapidly Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common cancer complication. Clinical and economic implications of different recurrent MPE treatment pathways have not been evaluated fully.

Research Question: What clinical outcomes, complications, health care resource use, and costs are associated with various rapidly recurrent MPE treatment pathways?

Study Design And Methods: This retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare data (2011-2015) included patients 66 to 90 years of age with rapidly recurrent MPE.

Implementation of a multi-modal intervention adopting new technologies, clinical services, and feedback improves catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

Objectives: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a significant cause of morbidity and financial burden to healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a program designed to reduce Foley catheter use days and associated CAUTI rates.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of a multi-modal program aimed toward reducing Foley catheter use days and associated CAUTI rates across the Indiana University Health (IUH) system was conducted.

Impact of automated dispensing solutions in long-term care facilities and closed-door pharmacies: A mixed methods study of medication management.

Background: Financial, operational, and clinical workflow impacts of deploying an automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) in long-term care (LTC) facilities based on actual observations have not been documented in peer-reviewed literature.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a closed-door pharmacy (CDP) implementing an ADC with unique secure, removable, and transportable locked pockets in an unstudied setting (LTC facilities) for management of first and emergency dose medications.

Practice Description: This study was conducted in 1 CDP and 2 LTC facilities.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and non-CAUTI hospital-onset urinary tract infections: Relative burden, cost, outcomes and related hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia infections.

Objective: To describe the relative burden of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and non-CAUTI hospital-onset urinary tract infections (HOUTIs).

Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients from 43 acute-care hospitals was conducted. CAUTI cases were defined as those reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network.

Prevalence of Hospital-Onset Bacteremia Pre- and Post-Implementation of a Needleless Blood Sampling Device From Existing Peripheral Catheters.

Repeated access of peripheral intravenous (IV) devices theoretically increases the risk of bacterial exposure. PIVO™ (VelanoVascular) is a needleless, single-use device that enables blood sampling from an existing peripheral IV. The goal of this retrospective observational exploratory study was to evaluate the influence of PIVO use on rates of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) by comparing HOB rates in the year before and after PIVO introduction in hospitals implementing PIVO and over similar time periods in "control" hospitals with no PIVO.

Characteristics, costs, and outcomes associated with central-line-associated bloodstream infection and hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia in US hospitals.

Objectives: To compare characteristics and outcomes associated with central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and electronic health record-determined hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) cases in hospitalized US adults.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients in 41 acute-care hospitals. CLABSI cases were defined as those reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).

Medication Prescribing for Type 2 Diabetes in the US Long-Term Care Setting: Observational Study.

Objectives: To characterize prescribing of glucose-lowering medication annually and to quantify the annual frequency of hypoglycemia among residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: Serial cross-sectional study using a deidentified real-world database comprising electronic health records from LTC facilities.

Setting And Participants: Individuals eligible for this study were ≥65 years old with T2DM and recorded stay of ≥100 days at an LTC facility in the United States in any of 5 study years (2016-2020), excluding individuals receiving palliative or hospice care.

Unplanned 120-Day ED Visits and Readmission Rates Following Common Stone Procedures.

Objective: To quantify emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions (HA) after common urologic stone procedures including ureteroscopy (URS), shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCL) which are a concern of payors, providers, and patients.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using claims data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplement databases. Adults with a urologic stone diagnosis and no history of stone procedure in prior 12 months who underwent stone procedures between 2012 and 2017 were included.

Frequency and timing of emergency department visits and hospital admissions in stented patients following common stone procedures.

Emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions (HA) following urologic procedures are a concern for payors, providers, and patients. We seek to quantify ED visits and HA after urologic stone procedures. This is a retrospective cohort study using claims data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplement database.

Religiosity prevalence and its association with depression and anxiety symptoms among Hispanic/Latino adults.

Objectives: Religion plays an important role in the lives of people in the United States. We examined the prevalence of religiosity among Hispanic/Latinos in four regions of the United States and looked at its correlation to depression and anxiety symptoms.

Design: The population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos enrolled a cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults (N = 16,415) ages 18-74 in four US cities from June 2008 to June 2011.

Performance of non-traditional hyperglycemia biomarkers by chronic kidney disease status in older adults with diabetes: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: In people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), HbA1c may be a problematic measure of glycemic control. Glycated albumin and fructosamine have been proposed as better markers of hyperglycemia in CKD. In the present study we investigated associations of HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine with fasting glucose by CKD categories.

Oral Health Care Receipt and Self-Rated Oral Health for Diverse Asian American Subgroups in New York City.

Objectives: To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups.

Methods: We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City metropolitan region from 2013 to 2016 (n = 1288). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess determinants of oral health care receipt and self-rated oral health.

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Class I Guidelines for the Treatment of Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latinos Based on Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: The prevalence estimates of statin eligibility among Hispanic/Latinos living in the United States under the new 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) cholesterol treatment guidelines are not known.

Methods And Results: We estimated prevalence of statin eligibility under 2013 ACC/AHA and 3rd National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP III) guidelines among Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (n=16 415; mean age 41 years, 40% males) by using sampling weights calibrated to the 2010 US census. We examined the characteristics of Hispanic/Latinos treated and not treated with statins under both guidelines.

The Association of Parental/Caregiver Chronic Stress with Youth Obesity: Findings from the Study of Latino Youth and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Background: Prior studies indicate that chronic stress is associated with obesity in adults. However, whether parental/caregiver stress is associated with obesity in their offspring has not been widely examined in Hispanic/Latino populations. In this study, we evaluated the role of caregiver chronic stress on child obesity and whether home food environment or child lifestyle behaviors explained the association.

Actigraphic sleep measures and diet quality in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueño ancillary study.

Using a cross-sectional probability sample with actigraphy data and two 24-h dietary recalls, we quantified the association between sleep duration, continuity, variability and timing with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 diet quality score and its components in 2140 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index diet quality-2010 score ranges from 0 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the dietary guidelines and lower risk from major chronic disease. None of the sleep measures was associated with total caloric intake as assessed using dietary recalls.

Association of systemic inflammation, adiposity, and metabolic dysregulation with asthma burden among Hispanic adults.

Rationale: Obesity-related asthma is associated with higher disease burden than normal-weight asthma among Hispanics. Adiposity, metabolic dysregulation, and inflammation are all implicated in pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma, but their independent contributions are poorly understood.

Objective: To examine the independent contributions of body fat distribution, metabolic abnormalities and inflammation on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function among Hispanics.

Awareness of Hepatitis C Virus Seropositivity and Chronic Infection in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Few population-based studies have assessed awareness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity and chronic infection. We report awareness of HCV seropositivity and chronic infection and correlates of awareness in a multi-city (Bronx, Miami, Chicago, and San Diego) community-dwelling population sample of United States (US) Hispanics/Latinos recruited during 2008-2011. Included were 260 HCV-seropositive participants, among whom 190 had chronic HCV.

Trends in Nonlipid Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Management in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Association with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly common among women with HIV, but literature on nonlipid CVD risk factor management is lacking. We examined semiannual trends from 2006 to 2014 in hypertension treatment and control (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg), diabetes treatment and control (fasting glucose <130 mg/dL), and smoking quit rates in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression models tested time trends and differences between HIV+ and HIV- women.

Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Hearing Impairment: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Study Objective: Sleep apnea (SA) may promote hearing impairment (HI) through ischemia and inflammation of the cochlea. Our objective was to assess an independent association between SA and HI in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants.

Methods: We used data from the HCHS/SOL, a multicenter population-based study of self- identifying Hispanic/Latinos 18- to 74-y-old adults from four US urban communities.

Macronutrient Intake, Diagnosis Status, and Glycemic Control Among US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes.

Context: Diet modification is a mainstay of diabetes management. US Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by diabetes, but few studies have examined dietary intake among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes, and little is known regarding the influence of diabetes awareness on dietary intake.

Objective: We evaluated macronutrient intake and its associations with diabetes awareness and glycemic control among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes.

Association of Childhood Economic Hardship with Adult Height and Adult Adiposity among Hispanics/Latinos. The HCHS/SOL Socio-Cultural Ancillary Study.

The study examined the association of childhood and current economic hardship with anthropometric indices in Hispanic/Latino adults, using data from the HCHS/SOL Socio-cultural ancillary study (N = 5,084), a community-based study of Hispanic/Latinos living in four urban areas (Bronx, NY, Chicago, IL, Miami, FL, and San Diego, CA). Childhood economic hardship was defined as having experienced a period of time when one's family had trouble paying for basic needs (e.g.