Identifying Common Data Elements to Achieve Injury-related Health Equity Across the Lifespan: A Consensus-Driven Approach.

Background: Limited availability and poor quality of data in medical records and trauma registries impede progress to achieve injury-related health equity across the lifespan.

Methods: We used a Nominal Group Technique (NGT) in-person workgroup and a national web-based Delphi process to identify common data elements (CDE) that should be collected.

Results: The 12 participants in the NGT workgroup and 23 participants in the national Delphi process identified 10 equity-related CDE and guiding lessons for research on collection of these data.

Bilingual randomized controlled trial design, of a telephone-based intervention to promote rehabilitation adherence; A study focus on recruitment of Hispanic children with traumatic brain injury.

Background: While Hispanic children experience large long-term disparities in disability after traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), there is a gap in evidenced-based interventions to improve outcomes among this rapidly growing and at high-risk population. We developed and pilot tested a bilingual/bicultural intervention informed by Hispanic families consisting of Brain Injury Education and outpatient Navigation (1st BIEN). It integrates bilingual in-person education enriched by video content delivered through mobile phone devices, with outpatient navigation by bilingual and bicultural navigators during transitions of care and school return.

The role of social determinants of health in the receipt of school services after traumatic brain injury: A focus review on underserved pediatric populations.

Background: Return to school is key for community re-integration after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). School support facilitates and ensure a successful transition back to school. However, access to school services is not uniform among U.

Trends and Disparities in Inpatient Rehabilitation of Adolescents: The Effect of Demographics, Injury Characteristics, and Facility Type.

Background: Intensive rehabilitation of adolescents occurs in general and pediatric inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), but differences in admission and outcomes by facility type have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objectives: To investigate factors related to admission to pediatric or adult IRFs among adolescents and compare the rehabilitation outcomes between facility types.

Methods: Using a single-center retrospective cohort study design, demographic information, medical data, and rehabilitation outcomes were obtained by chart review of patients aged 15 to 18 years who received a rehabilitation medicine consultation at an urban level 1 trauma center between 2017 and 2019 ( = 96).

Caregiver and provider experiences of physical, occupational, and speech therapy for children with medical complexity.

Purpose: Children with medical complexity (CMC) often use rehabilitative services ("therapy") to achieve optimal health outcomes. The study aims were to characterize caregiver and provider experiences with: 1) determining the suitability of therapy and 2) obtaining therapy for CMC.

Methods: Primary caregivers of CMC (n = 20) and providers (n = 14) were interviewed using semi-structured questions to elicit experiences of therapy.

Caring for American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Adolescents.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations have substantial health inequities, and most of their disease entities begin in childhood. In addition, AI/AN children and adolescents have excessive disease rates compared with the general pediatric population. Because of this, providers of pediatric care are in a unique position not only to attenuate disease incidence during childhood but also to improve the health status of this special population as a whole.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Telephone-Based Intervention for Hispanic Children to Promote Treatment Adherence After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based education and navigation program for Hispanic parents of children hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Level I trauma hospital and pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit in the Northwestern United States.

Participants: Fourteen Hispanic parent-child dyads.

Transitions to Outpatient Care After Traumatic Brain Injury for Hispanic Children.

Background And Objectives: Rehabilitation after a child's traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in hospital, community, and school settings, requiring coordination of care and advocacy by parents. Our objective was to explore Hispanic parents' experiences during child's transitions of care after TBI.

Methods: We conducted this qualitative study using semistructured interviews.

Caregiver and Provider Experiences of Home Healthcare Quality for Children With Medical Complexity.

Despite a growing population of children with medical complexity, little is known about the current quality of pediatric home healthcare. The objective of this study was to characterize the quality of pediatric home healthcare experienced by primary family caregivers (parents) and healthcare providers of children with medical complexity. Semistructured, in-depth key informant interviews of 20 caregivers and 20 providers were conducted and analyzed for factors affecting home healthcare quality using the Institute of Medicine's quality framework (effective, safe, patient-centered, timely, equitable, and efficient).

Research on Injury Disparities: A Scoping Review.

Research on disparities in traumatic injury has not been well characterized, limiting understanding of gaps in research and development of successful interventions. We conducted a scoping review to identify and synthesize research on disparities in intentional and unintentional traumatic injuries. The review was guided by PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Culture, Health, Function, and Participation Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Youth With Disabilities: An Exploratory Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the influence of traditional culture on health, disability, and health care services among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children and youth with disabilities.

Design: Exploratory descriptive qualitative analysis.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Rural-urban disparities in health care costs and health service utilization following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: To compare health care costs and service utilization associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in rural and urban commercially insured children.

Data Source: MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Data, 2007-2011.

Study Design: We compared health care costs and outpatient encounters for physical/occupational therapy, speech therapy, and psychiatry/psychology encounters 180 days after mTBI among rural versus urban children (<18 years).

Differences in Injury Characteristics and Outcomes for American Indian/Alaska Native People Hospitalized with Traumatic Injuries: an Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank.

Objective: This study compares characteristics of American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) hospitalized for traumatic injury and examines the effect of race on hospital disposition.

Methods: Using 2007-2014 National Trauma Data Bank data, we described differences in demographic and injury characteristics between AI/AN (n = 39,656) and NHWs (n = 3,309,484) hospitalized with traumatic injuries. Multivariable regressions, adjusted for demographic and injury characteristics, compared in-hospital mortality and the risk of discharge to different dispositions (inpatient rehabilitation/long-term care facility, skilled nursing facility, home with home health services) rather than home between AI/AN and NHW patients.

Participation in Daily Life: Influence on Quality of Life in Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic condition that affects children and has an impact on social and physical activity, as well as participation in daily life. Participation and quality of life (QOL) are 2 important measures of successful rehabilitation that have not been well studied in children with CP.

Objective: To report levels of participation and examine the relationship of participation to QOL in ambulatory children with CP.

Unmet Rehabilitation Needs After Hospitalization for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: In this study, we describe unmet service needs of children hospitalized for traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the first 2 years after injury and examine associations between child, family, and injury-related characteristics and unmet needs in 6 domains (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, mental health services, educational services, and physiatry).

Methods: Prospective cohort study of children age 8 to 18 years old admitted to 6 hospitals with complicated mild or moderate to severe TBI. Service need was based on dysfunction identified via parent-report compared with retrospective baseline at 6, 12, and 24 months.

Auditing Access to Outpatient Rehabilitation Services for Children With Traumatic Brain Injury and Public Insurance in Washington State.

Objective: To identify insurance-based disparities in access to outpatient pediatric neurorehabilitation services.

Design: Audit study with paired calls, where callers posed as a mother seeking services for a simulated child with history of severe traumatic brain injury and public or private insurance.

Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation clinics.

Disparities in Functional Outcomes during Inpatient Rehabilitation between American Indian/Alaska Native and White Children.

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have a high risk for poor health outcomes. Race/ethnicity and functional impairments are linked with health care disparities. While data exist for other race/ethnicity groups, little is known about outcomes for AI/AN children with functional impairments.

Functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation for American Indian and Alaska Native children with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have the highest traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related mortality in the United States, but little is known about AI/AN children who survive traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study compares function and factors associated with discharge function between AI/AN and White children with TBI during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: Retrospective national cohort study of 114 AI/AN and 7,267 White children aged 6 months-18 years who received inpatient TBI rehabilitation between 2002-2012 at facilities utilizing the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation\scriptsize®.