Iodine and Carbonate Species Monitoring in Molten NaOH-KOH Eutectic Scrubber via Dual-Phase Raman Spectroscopy.

Molten hydroxide scrubbing of off-gas vapors is a potential process to improve safety during the operation of generation IV molten salt nuclear reactors (MSRs). MSRs produce off-gases that can be vented by the reactor core and treated via off-gas scrubbers. Molten hydroxide scrubbers focus on capturing volatile iodine radionuclides, and they can also be used to capture aerosols and particulates and to neutralize acidic species.

Role of Electronic Structure on Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium: A Periodic Journey.

Electrocatalysis is a promising approach to convert waste nitrate to ammonia and help close the nitrogen cycle. This renewably powered ammonia production process sources hydrogen from water (as opposed to methane in the thermal Haber-Bosch process) but requires a delicate balance between a catalyst's activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the nitrate reduction reaction (NORR), influencing the Faradaic efficiency (FE) and selectivity to ammonia/ammonium over other nitrogen-containing products. We measure ammonium FEs ranging from 3.