The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Intestinal Nutrient Absorption: A Comprehensive Review.

Chronic alcohol use has been attributed to the development of malnutrition. This is in part due to the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the absorption of vital nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals within the small intestine. Recent advances in research, along with new cutting-edge technologies, have advanced our understanding of the mechanism of ethanol's effect on intestinal nutrient absorption at the brush border membrane (BBM) of the small intestine.

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obesity-Associated Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders.

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that has become a new focus of attention due to its association with numerous human diseases. Research over the last few decades has shown that the gut microbiota plays a considerable role in regulating intestinal homeostasis, and disruption to the microbial community has been linked to chronic disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and obesity. Obesity has become a global pandemic, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide mostly in Western countries due to a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-fat/high-sugar diets.

Molecular Mechanism of Stimulation of Na-K-ATPase by Leukotriene D4 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Na-K-ATPase provides a favorable transcellular Na gradient required for the functioning of Na-dependent nutrient transporters in intestinal epithelial cells. The primary metabolite for enterocytes is glutamine, which is absorbed via Na-glutamine co-transporter (SN2; SLC38A5) in intestinal crypt cells. SN2 activity is stimulated during chronic intestinal inflammation, at least in part, secondarily to the stimulation of Na-K-ATPase activity.

Moderate Alcohol Consumption Uniquely Regulates Sodium-Dependent Glucose Co-Transport in Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

Background: Chronic alcohol use often leads to malnutrition. However, how the intestinal absorption of nutrients such as glucose may be affected during moderate ethanol use has not been investigated. Glucose is absorbed via sodium (Na)-dependent glucose co-transport (SGLT1; SLC5A1) along the brush border membrane (BBM) of intestinal absorptive villus cells.

Moderate Alcohol Consumption Inhibits Sodium-Dependent Glutamine Co-Transport in Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Vitro and Ex Vivo.

Malnutrition is present in chronic alcoholics. However, how moderate alcohol consumption affects the absorption of nutrients like glutamine has not been investigated. Glutamine, an amino acid, is vital to gastrointestinal health.

Inhibition of intestinal villus cell Na/K-ATPase mediates altered glucose and NaCl absorption in obesity-associated diabetes and hypertension.

During obesity, diabetes and hypertension inevitably coexist and cause innumerable health disparities. In the obesity, diabetes, and hypertension triad (ODHT), deregulation of glucose and NaCl homeostasis, respectively, causes diabetes and hypertension. In the mammalian intestine, glucose is primarily absorbed by Na-glucose cotransport 1 (SGLT1) and coupled NaCl by the dual operation of Na-H exchange 3 (NHE3) and Cl-HCO [down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) or putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1)] exchange in the brush border membrane (BBM) of villus cells.