Association of prenatal substance exposure and the development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus.

Context: Prenatal substance exposure (PSE) can lead to various harmful outcomes for the developing fetus and is linked to many emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties later in life. Therefore, examination of the relationship between the development of associated brain structures and PSE is important for the development of more specific or new preventative methods.

Objectives: Our study's primary objective was to examine the relationship between the physical development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus following prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and prescription opioid exposure.

Association and disparities of food insecurity and exposure to violence: analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health.

Context: Lack of access to food is a significant concern for child well-being, and it creates many health disparities and adverse social outcomes. Food insecurity and its many associated risk factors increase parental stress, which are strongly correlated with an increased risk of child abuse and maltreatment. Research now identifies being witness to domestic abuse as a form of child maltreatment, and exposure to violence in the community has been shown to result in similar long-term impacts.

Stress During Pregnancy Associated with Newborn Low Birth Weight: Experiences from the State of Rhode Island.

Purpose: Prenatal stress is a known risk for poor birth outcomes. This study specifically looked at reported stress during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) in Rhode Island.

Methods: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 2016 to 2018 for the state of Rhode Island was utilized.

Trends in public interest in child abuse in the United States: An infodemiology study of Google Trends from 2004 to 2022.

Introduction: More than 1 in 7 children in the United States experience abuse annually with rates remaining consistent over the past 2 decades. During this timeframe, several high-profile cases of child abuse and neglect were publicized in national media in addition to multiple investigations uncovering Indigenous children dying from abuse at Indian Boarding Schools. Increased media attention among other public health and medical topics has been linked to increased public interest, thus, our objective was to investigate trends in public interest from 2004 to 2022.

COVID-19 Vaccine Concerns and Acceptability by Language in a Marginalized Population in Rhode Island.

Introduction: We need to understand the continued concerns and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines within marginalized communities in the United States. Our study explores the concerns and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines, by language group, at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in Rhode Island.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory, mixed data collection telephone survey in languages spoken in the community (Spanish, Cape Verdean (CV) Creole/Portuguese, and English).

Direct amidation of acid fluorides using germanium amides.

Amide functional groups are an essential linkage that are found in peptides, proteins, and pharmaceuticals and new methods are constantly being sought for their formation. Here, a new method for their preparation is presented where germanium amides PhGeNR convert acid fluorides directly to amides. These germanium amides serve to abstract the fluorine atom of the acid fluoride and transfer their amide group -NR to the carbonyl carbon, and so function as amidation reagents.

A machine learning approach for identifying novel cell type-specific transcriptional regulators of myogenesis.

Transcriptional enhancers integrate the contributions of multiple classes of transcription factors (TFs) to orchestrate the myriad spatio-temporal gene expression programs that occur during development. A molecular understanding of enhancers with similar activities requires the identification of both their unique and their shared sequence features. To address this problem, we combined phylogenetic profiling with a DNA-based enhancer sequence classifier that analyzes the TF binding sites (TFBSs) governing the transcription of a co-expressed gene set.