Somatomotor disconnection links sleep duration with socioeconomic context, screen time, cognition, and psychopathology.

Background: Sleep is critical for healthy brain development and emotional wellbeing, especially during adolescence when sleep, behavior, and neurobiology are rapidly evolving. Theoretical reviews and empirical research have historically focused on how sleep influences mental health through its impact on brain systems. No studies have leveraged data-driven network neuroscience methods to uncover interpretable, brain-wide signatures of sleep duration in adolescence, their socio-environmental origins, or their consequences for cognition and mental health.

Assessing neurocognitive maturation in early adolescence based on baby and adult functional brain landscapes.

Adolescence is a period of growth in cognitive performance and functioning. Recently, data-driven measures of brain-age gap, which can index cognitive decline in older populations, have been utilized in adolescent data with mixed findings. Instead of using a data-driven approach, here we assess the maturation status of the brain functional landscape in early adolescence by directly comparing an individual's resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to the canonical early-life and adulthood communities.

Paediatric survivors of extracorporeal life support functional outcomes at one-year follow-up.

Objective: To investigate functional outcomes in children who survived extracorporeal life support at 12 months follow-up post-discharge.

Background: Some patients who require extracorporeal life support acquire significant morbidity during their hospitalisation. The Functional Status Scale is a validated tool that allows quantification of paediatric function.

Decorin, an exercise-induced secretory protein, is associated with improved prognosis in breast cancer patients but does not mediate anti-tumorigenic tissue crosstalk in mice.

Background: Regular exercise can reduce incidence and progression of breast cancer, but the mechanisms for such effects are not fully understood.

Methods: We used a variety of rodent and human experimental model systems to determine whether exercise training can reduce tumor burden in breast cancer and to identify mechanism associated with any exercise training effects on tumor burden.

Results: We show that voluntary wheel running slows tumor development in the mammary specific polyomavirus middle T antigen overexpression (MMTV-PyMT) mouse model of breast cancer but only when mice are not housed alone.

Socioeconomic resources in youth are linked to divergent patterns of network integration/segregation across the brain's transmodal axis.

Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to the current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully relate to intrinsic functional connectivity patterns across the entire brain. Nevertheless, the neuroscientific meaning of these widespread neural differences remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise for early risk identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform.

Proteogenomic Characterization of Early Intrahepatic Recurrence after Curative-Intent Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Clinical and pathological factors are insufficient to accurately identify patients at risk of early recurrence after curative-intent treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study aimed to identify candidate prognostic proteogenomic biomarkers for early intrahepatic recurrence after curative-intent resection of CRLM. Patients diagnosed with intrahepatic recurrence within 6 months of liver resection were categorized as the "early recurrence" group, while those who achieved a recurrence-free status for 10 years were designated as "durable remission".

Childhood Opportunity Index and Low-Value Care in Children's Hospitals.

Background And Objective: Few studies have explored the relationship between social drivers of health and pediatric low-value care (LVC). We assessed the relationship between Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0 and LVC in children's hospitals.

Switching off autoimmunity.

Discovered 30 years ago, CD40L antagonists are proving to be powerful autoimmune drugs.

The role of HnrnpF/H as a driver of oligoteratozoospermia.

Male subfertility or infertility is a common condition often characterized by men producing a low number of sperm with poor quality. To gain insight into this condition, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of semen samples obtained from infertile and fertile men. At least 6 proteins showed significant differences in regulation of alternatively spliced isoforms.

Reusing Peptide Spectral Reference Libraries to Discover Putative Plasma Biomarkers of Response to Cancer Chemotherapy.

Biofluids such as blood plasma are rich reservoirs of potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. However, mass spectrometry analysis of circulating plasma proteins remains challenging. The introduction of data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) is an important step toward addressing detection of less abundant plasma proteins.

Clinician Perspectives on Continuous Monitor Use in a Children's Hospital: A Qualitative Study.

Background And Objectives: Variation in continuous cardiopulmonary monitor (cCPM) use across children's hospitals suggests preference-based use. We sought to understand how clinical providers make decisions to use cCPMs.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structed interviews with clinicians (nurses, respiratory therapists [RTs], and resident and attending physicians) from 2 hospital medicine units at a children's hospital.

IbpAB small heat shock proteins are not host factors for bacteriophage ϕX174 replication.

Bacteriophage ϕX174 is a small icosahedral virus of the Microviridae with a rapid replication cycle. Previously, we found that in ϕX174 infections of Escherichia coli, the most highly upregulated host proteins are two small heat shock proteins, IbpA and IbpB, belonging to the HSP20 family, which is a universally conserved group of stress-induced molecular chaperones that prevent irreversible aggregation of proteins. Heat shock proteins were found to protect against ϕX174 lysis, but IbpA/B have not been studied.

Predicting high-level visual areas in the absence of task fMRI.

The ventral visual stream is organized into units, or functional regions of interest (fROIs), specialized for processing high-level visual categories. Task-based fMRI scans ("localizers") are typically used to identify each individual's nuanced set of fROIs. The unique landscape of an individual's functional activation may rely in large part on their specialized connectivity patterns; recent studies corroborate this by showing that connectivity can predict individual differences in neural responses.

Outcomes associated with initial narrow-spectrum versus broad-spectrum antibiotics in children hospitalized with urinary tract infections.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the proportion of children hospitalized with urinary tract infections (UTIs) who receive initial narrow- versus broad-spectrum antibiotics across children's hospitals and explore whether the use of initial narrow-spectrum antibiotics is associated with different outcomes.

Design, Setting And Participants: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children aged 2 months to 17 years hospitalized with UTI (inclusive of pyelonephritis) using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.

Main Outcome And Measures: We analyzed the proportions of children initially receiving narrow- versus broad-spectrum antibiotics; additionally, we compiled antibiogram data for common uropathogenic organisms from participating hospitals to compare with the observed antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Increasing the Use of Enteral Antibiotics in Hospitalized Children With Uncomplicated Infections.

Background: Route of administration is an important component of antimicrobial stewardship. Early transition from intravenous to enteral antibiotics in hospitalized children is associated with fewer catheter-related adverse events, as well as decreased costs and length of stay. Our aim was to increase the percentage of enteral antibiotic doses for hospital medicine patients with uncomplicated common bacterial infections (community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection, neck infection) from 50% to 80% in 6 months.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of osimertinib in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer by dried blood spot and plasma collection: A pilot study.

Aims: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has led to significant improvements in individualized medical care, although its implementation in oncology has been limited to date. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a group of therapies for which TDM has been suggested. Osimertinib is one such therapy used in the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-driven lung cancer.

Changing patterns of routine laboratory testing over time at children's hospitals.

Background: Research into low-value routine testing at children's hospitals has not consistently evaluated changing patterns of testing over time.

Objectives: To identify changes in routine laboratory testing rates at children's hospitals over ten years and the association with patient outcomes.

Design, Settings, And Participants: We performed a multi-center, retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-18 hospitalized with common, lower-severity diagnoses at 28 children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information Systems database.

Novel combinatorial autophagy inhibition therapy for triple negative breast cancers.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancer subtypes. It is characterized by lack of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors, and thus, have limited therapeutic options. Autophagy has been found to be correlated with poor prognosis and aggressive behaviour in TNBC.

Clinical Decision Support Principles for Quality Improvement and Research.

Pediatric hospitalists frequently interact with clinical decision support (CDS) tools in patient care and use these tools for quality improvement or research. In this method/ology paper, we provide an introduction and practical approach to developing and evaluating CDS tools within the electronic health record. First, we define CDS and describe the types of CDS interventions that exist.

Novel serum protein biomarker panel for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Late presentation of disease at the time of diagnosis is one of the major reasons for dismal prognostic outcomes for PDAC patients. Currently, there is a lack of clinical biomarkers, which can be used to diagnose PDAC patients at an early resectable stage.