A Right to Health-Based Approach to Dental Caries: Toward a Comprehensive Control Strategy.

Background: Health is a matter of human rights, and dental caries is the most common noncommunicable disease globally. Consequently, dental caries is a matter of human rights and its control, particularly prevention, must be a priority. Although largely preventable, this is too often neglected, both in the literature of human rights and health law, and in dental research.

Deep-Learning Markerless Tracking of Infant General Movements using Standard Video Recordings.

Monitoring spontaneous General Movements (GM) of infants 6-20 weeks post-term age is a reliable tool to assess the quality of neurodevelopment in early infancy. Abnormal or absent GMs are reliable prognostic indicators of whether an infant is at risk of developing neurological impairments and disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP). Therapeutic interventions are most effective at improving neuromuscular outcomes if administered in early infancy.

Deep-learning-based markerless tracking of distal anatomical landmarks in clinically recorded videos for assessing infant movement patterns associated with neurodevelopmental status.

Abnormal patterns in infants' General Movements (GMs) are robust clinical indicators for the progression of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy. Availability of automated platforms for General Movements Assessments (GMA) could improve screening rate and allow identifying at-risk infants. While we have previously shown that deep-learning schemes can accurately track the longitudinal axes of infant limb movements (12 anatomical locations, 3 per limb), information about the distal limb segments' rotational movements is important for making an accurate clinical assessment, but has not previously been captured.

Correction to: The M-phase specific hyperphosphorylation of Staufen2 involved the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported a change to one of the author names.

The M-phase specific hyperphosphorylation of Staufen2 involved the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1.

Background: Staufen2 (STAU2) is an RNA-binding protein involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. This protein was shown to be required for organ formation and cell differentiation. Although STAU2 functions have been reported in neuronal cells, its role in dividing cells remains deeply uncharacterized.

Cell cycle-dependent regulation of the RNA-binding protein Staufen1.

Staufen1 (Stau1) is a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding protein involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies indicate that Stau1-bound messenger RNAs (mRNAs) mainly code for proteins involved in transcription and cell cycle control. Consistently, we report here that Stau1 abundance fluctuates through the cell cycle in HCT116 and U2OS cells: it is high from the S phase to the onset of mitosis and rapidly decreases as cells transit through mitosis.

The X+ 2Πg, A+ 2Πu, B+ 2Δu, and a+ 4Σu(-) electronic states of Cl2(+) studied by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy.

Partially rotationally resolved pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of the three isotopomers ((35)Cl2, (35)Cl(37)Cl, and (37)Cl2) of Cl2 have been recorded in the wavenumber ranges 92,500-96,500 cm(-1), corresponding to transitions to the low vibrational levels of the X(+) (2)Πg (Ω = 3∕2, 1∕2) ground state of Cl2 (+), and 106,750-115,500 cm(-1), where the a(+) (4)Σu (-)←X(1)Σg (+), A(+) (2)Πu←X(1)Σg (+), and B(+) (2)Δu←X(1)Σg (+) band systems overlap with transitions to high vibrational levels (v(+) > 25) of the X(+) state. The observation of Franck-Condon-forbidden transitions to vibrational levels of the X(+) state of the cation with v(+) ≥ 25 is rationalized by a mechanism involving vertical excitation of predissociative Rydberg states of mixed singlet-triplet character with an A(+) ion core which are coupled to Rydberg states converging to high-v(+) levels of the X(+) state. The same mechanism is proposed to also be responsible for the observation of Cl(+) - Cl(-) ion pairs and quartet states in the photoionization of Cl2.

Mitochondria associate with P-bodies and modulate microRNA-mediated RNA interference.

P-bodies are cytoplasmic granules that are linked to mRNA decay, mRNA storage, and RNA interference (RNAi). They are known to interact with stress granules in stressed cells, and with late endosomes. Here, we report that P-bodies also interact with mitochondria, as previously described for P-body-related granules in germ cells.

Unravelling the ultrastructure of stress granules and associated P-bodies in human cells.

Stress granules are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules formed following various stresses that inhibit translation. They are thought to help protecting untranslated mRNAs until stress relief. Stress granules are frequently seen adjacent to P-bodies, which are involved in mRNA degradation and storage.

U.N. guidance note on HIV and sex work "reworked" by activists.

In 2007, UNAIDS issued a guidance note on HIV and sex work, the tone and contents of which angered sex workers, activists and public health workers worldwide. In this article, based on presentations at the conference, M. Seshu et al describe the problems with the guidance note, discuss the reaction to its publication, and explain how a group of activists got together to develop a reworked version of the guidance note.

Translationally repressed mRNA transiently cycles through stress granules during stress.

In mammals, repression of translation during stress is associated with the assembly of stress granules in the cytoplasm, which contain a fraction of arrested mRNA and have been proposed to play a role in their storage. Because physical contacts are seen with GW bodies, which contain the mRNA degradation machinery, stress granules could also target arrested mRNA to degradation. Here we show that contacts between stress granules and GW bodies appear during stress-granule assembly and not after a movement of the two preassembled structures.

Surface states and surface stability in half-metallic systems: the cases of zinc-blende-structure MnSb {111}A, {111}B and {001}.

The surface properties of half-metallic materials can have a profound impact upon their possible utility for spintronic devices, and are therefore of significant interest. Here, we present the results of comprehensive density functional calculations for the {111}A, {111}B and {001} surfaces of the half-metallic zinc-blende phase of MnSb. We predict trimerized and dimerized reconstructions to be favourable whenever geometrically feasible, and our thermodynamic analysis strongly suggests termination with an Sb layer in all the cases studied.