"Gender matters": the development of infographics to raise awareness and promote gender-transformative care in traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To develop a series of infographics providing persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their circle of care with evidence-based information on sex and gender topics in TBI.

Materials And Methods: We employed an iterative participatory design engaging knowledge users, scientists, and experts in brain injury and patient education. To inform infographic content, we conducted an information needs assessment with knowledge users through semi-structured interviews and referred to our previously published evidence syntheses on TBI topics.

Sex differences in work-related traumatic brain injury: a concurrent mixed methods study employing the person-environment-occupation model.

Background: Work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) is considered a critical injury that can be prevented. Few studies have integrated clinical data and workers' injury narratives to inform sex-specific wrTBI prevention.

Objective: To examine sex differences in pre-injury factors and provide recommendations for primary prevention of wrTBI.

Community Integration Challenges of Men and Women After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis of Lived Experiences Through a Gender Lens.

Objective: To investigate community integration (CI) challenges following traumatic brain injury (TBI) through a gender lens.

Setting: Rehabilitation research-teaching hospital.

Participants: Adult participants (22 men and 20 women) with a primary diagnosis of mild or moderate-severe TBI, in the acute or chronic stages after injury, were recruited using purposive sampling.

A PROGRESS-driven approach to cognitive outcomes after traumatic brain injury: A study protocol for advancing equity, diversity, and inclusion through knowledge synthesis and mobilization.

Evidence syntheses for advancing equitable traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, policy, and practice presents formidable challenges. Research and clinical frameworks are currently not specific to equity, diversity, and inclusion considerations, despite evidence that persons with TBI live in societies in which power imbalances and systems of social dominance may privilege some people and marginalize others. The present protocol outlines a strategy for a research program, supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, that explores the integration of PROGRESS-Plus parameters in research with the goal of advancing open-science databases and tools to improve our understanding of equity in cognitive and brain health outcomes in TBI.

Mental Illness in the 2 Years Prior to Pregnancy in a Population With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study: La maladie mentale dans les deux ans précédant une grossesse dans une population souffrant de lésion cérébrale traumatique : une étude transversale.

Objective: Existing studies, in mostly male samples such as veterans and athletes, show a strong association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and mental illness. Yet, while an understanding of mental health before pregnancy is critical for informing preconception and perinatal supports, there are no data on the prevalence of active mental illness before pregnancy in females with TBI. We examined the prevalence of active mental illness ≤2 years before pregnancy (1) in a population with TBI, and (2) in subgroups defined by sociodemographic, health, and injury-related characteristics, all compared to those without TBI.

Efficacy of restitutive interventions for oculomotor deficits in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause persistent symptoms suggestive of oculomotor deficits. This research synthesized evidence on restitutive interventions for reducing oculomotor deficits in adults with mTBI to understand if these interventions have clinical utility for improving recovery.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, PsychInfo, and Scopus, databases were searched for experimental studies published in English.

Integrating unsupervised and supervised learning techniques to predict traumatic brain injury: A population-based study.

This work aimed to identify pre-existing health conditions of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and develop predictive models for the first TBI event and its external causes by employing a combination of unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms. We acquired up to five years of pre-injury diagnoses for 488,107 patients with TBI and 488,107 matched control patients who entered the emergency department or acute care hospitals between April 1st, 2002, and March 31st, 2020. Diagnoses were obtained from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) database which contains province-wide claims data by physicians in Ontario, Canada for inpatient and outpatient services.

Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases.

Understanding the factors associated with elevated risks and adverse consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an integral part of developing preventive measures for TBI. Brain injury outcomes differ based on one's sex (biological characteristics) and gender (social characteristics reflecting norms and relationships), however, whether it is sex or gender that drives differences in early (30-day) mortality and discharge location post-TBI is not well understood. In the absence of a gender variable in existing data, we developed a method for "measuring gender" in 276,812 residents of Ontario, Canada who entered the emergency department and acute care hospitals with a TBI diagnostic code between April 1st, 2002, and March 31st, 2020.

Rehabilitation interventions for oculomotor deficits in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of TBI with many individuals suffering from symptoms suggestive of deficits in oculomotor function. Although the symptoms are often experienced transiently, almost 50% of individuals will experience persistent symptoms. Oculomotor deficits can last months after injury and decrease function and the ability to participate in work, school and sport.

Association Between Neuroticism and Dementia on Healthcare Use: A Multi-Level Analysis Across 27 Countries from The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

Background: People with high levels of neuroticism are greater users of health services. Similarly, people with dementia have a higher risk of hospitalization and medical visits. As a result, dementia and a high level of neuroticism increase healthcare use (HCU).

Treating cognitive impairments in primary central nervous system infections: A systematic review of pharmacological interventions.

Background: This research synthesized scientific evidence on the use of pharmacotherapy as intervention to reduce cognitive impairments in adult patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) infections.

Methods: We searched for experimental studies published in English prior to October 2021 in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. We included non-randomized studies (NRS) and randomized control trials (RCT) of pharmacotherapy versus placebo, drug, or a combination of drugs in adults with primary CNS infection.

The effect of sleep disorders on dementia risk in patients with traumatic brain injury: A large-scale cohort study.

Introduction: We investigated the association between sleep disorders (SDs) and incident dementia in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Adults with a TBI between 2003 and 2013 were followed until incident dementia. Sleep disorders at TBI were predictors in Cox regression models, controlling for other dementia risks.

An educational intervention to promote a culture of gender equity among persons with traumatic brain injury and caregivers: A pilot study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes are dependent on patients' biological sex (e.g., hormone levels) and sociocultural gender (e.

Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: A cohort study utilizing large administrative databases.

Understanding the factors associated with elevated risks and adverse consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an integral part of developing preventive measures for TBI. Brain injury outcomes differ based on one's sex (biological characteristics) and gender (social characteristics reflecting norms and relationships), however, whether it is sex or gender that drives differences in early (30-day) mortality and discharge location post-TBI event are unknown. In the absence of gender variable in existing data, we developed a method for "measuring gender" in 276,812 residents of Ontario, Canada who entered the emergency department and acute care hospitals with a TBI diagnostic code between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2020.

Utility of Person-Environment-Occupation model in exploring sex-specific causes of work-related traumatic brain injury: a retrospective chart review.

Background: Work-related traumatic brain injury (wr-TBI) is on the rise. The pre-injury period, a significant consideration for preventive initiatives, is largely unexplored.

Objectives: To identify Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) variables associated with wr-TBI to inform sex-specific primary prevention.

Employment and accommodation needs and the effect of COVID-19 on men and women with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts an individual's workforce involvement post-injury. Support services and workplace accommodations that can help with work re-integration post-TBI may differ based on a person's sex and gender. The added impact of COVID-19 remains under-explored.

Application of multiple testing procedures for identifying relevant comorbidities, from a large set, in traumatic brain injury for research applications utilizing big health-administrative data.

Background: Multiple testing procedures (MTP) are gaining increasing popularity in various fields of biostatistics, especially in statistical genetics. However, in injury surveillance research utilizing the growing amount and complexity of health-administrative data encoded in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), few studies involve MTP and discuss their applications and challenges.

Objective: We aimed to apply MTP in the population-wide context of comorbidity preceding traumatic brain injury (TBI), one of the most disabling injuries, to find a subset of comorbidity that can be targeted in primary injury prevention.

Synthesizing sex and gender inequities in traumatic brain injury to catalyze inclusive policy and health services initiatives.

Biological and socio-cultural factors are known to impact health outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Disentangling their role requires both preclinical studies, investigating the mechanistic basis for differential outcomes, and a more diverse pool of clinical and behavioral data from affected individuals. Tailored approaches are essential to enhancing equity in TBI outcomes.

A thematic analysis of patients' and their informal caregivers' gendered experiences in traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Research shows that patients' perceptions of themselves and others, in addition to their understanding of the concept of gender, changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about gendered experiences in TBI and care delivery. This study aims to explore perceptions of gender through life experiences and interactions between adult patients with TBI and their informal caregivers.

Decoding health status transitions of over 200 000 patients with traumatic brain injury from preceding injury to the injury event.

For centuries, the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been centred on historical observation and analyses of personal, social, and environmental processes, which have been examined separately. Today, computation implementation and vast patient data repositories can enable a concurrent analysis of personal, social, and environmental processes, providing insight into changes in health status transitions over time. We applied computational and data visualization techniques to categorize decade-long health records of 235,003 patients with TBI in Canada, from preceding injury to the injury event itself.

Sex-specific analysis of traumatic brain injury events: applying computational and data visualization techniques to inform prevention and management.

Background: The interplay of host, agent, and environment implicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) events is difficult to account for in hypothesis-driven research. Data-driven analysis of injury data can enable insight into injury events in novel ways. This research dissected complex and multidimensional data at the time of the TBI event by exploiting data mining and information visualization methods.

Systematic Review of Sex and Gender Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury: Equity in Clinical and Functional Outcomes.

Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in male and female patients worldwide, little is known about the effect of sex and gender on TBI outcomes. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the effect of sex and gender on core TBI outcomes. All English-language studies from six literature databases that addressed core outcomes in adults with TBI and included sex or gender, TBI severity, and age in their analyses were considered eligible.

Comorbidity in traumatic brain injury and functional outcomes: a systematic review.

Introduction: Comorbidities in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) may negatively impact injury recovery course and result in long-term disability. Despite the high prevalence of several categories of comorbidities in TBI, little is known about their association with patients' functional outcomes. We aimed to systematically review the current evidence to identify comorbidities that affect functional outcomes in adults with TBI.