Health-related quality of life and its association with socioeconomic status and mental health in 5- to 7-year-old children: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Assessing socioeconomic status (SES), mental health, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young children is crucial for making informed health care decisions and identifying areas of intervention. The present study aimed to investigate potential associations between SES, mental health, and HRQoL in 5-7-year-old children.

Method: The present study included mother-reported health assessments for 621 children aged 5-7 years in Grade 1 collected between 2019 and 2023 as part of the Starting Right™ project.

The use of youth healthcare services and its association with health-related quality of life, physical and mental health and over-the-counter analgesics use in 13-19-year-old adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Youth healthcare services in Norway include a public health nurse (PHN) at school and local youth health centres (YHCs). They provide health services for all adolescents free of charge, focusing on health promotion and disease prevention. The present study aimed to assess possible associations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical and mental health, over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) use and use of youth healthcare services among 13-19-year-old adolescents.

Health-related quality of life of children from low-income families: the new patterns study.

Background: Child poverty has been gradually rising, and about 12% of all Norwegian children are living in a state of relative poverty. This study was part of the New Patterns project, which recruits low-income families requiring long-term welfare services. Included families receive integrated welfare services, with the help of a family coordinator.

Self-reported and parent-reported mental health in children from low-income families in Agder, Norway: results from baseline measurements of New Patterns project participants.

Background: Poverty may pose risks to child and adolescent mental health, but few studies have reported on this association among children and adolescents in low-income families in Norway.

Methods: Based on a sample participating in an intervention for low-income families in Norway, we report data from the survey administered at the start of the intervention. Mental health problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; self-report (SR) n = 148; parent/proxy-report (PR) n = 153, mean age = 10.

Use of KIDSCREEN health-related quality of life instruments in the general population of children and adolescents: a scoping review.

Purpose: Subjectively assessing health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents is increasingly important in the public health field. One valid and widely used generic HRQoL instrument is the KIDSCREEN questionnaire. The aim of this study was to map all studies using KIDSCREEN instruments in the general population of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.

Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in child and school health services among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway: clinical considerations.

Background: Parent reported mental health can be assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Currently, Norwegian norms for parent-reported SDQ do not exist, whereas Swedish, Danish, and United Kingdom (UK) norms have been published. We aimed to (1) describe parent-reported SDQ among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway, (2) evaluate empirical cutoff values within the context of the Starting Right project in relation to the Swedish, Danish, and UK cutoffs, and (3) evaluate the representativeness of the study sample with regard to parental socioeconomic status.

Experiences of Norwegian child and school health nurses with the "Starting Right™" child health assessment innovation: a qualitative interview study.

Background: Although child health services are well established in Norway, the use of information technology for the systematic collection of evidence-based child- and proxy-reported health measures may be beneficial in the early identification of child development problems. The Norwegian "Starting Right™" health service innovation consists of parent- and child-reported online structured health assessments tools, including practical routines for child and school health assessments. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of child and school health nurses with the Starting Right innovation.

Implementation of the norwegian 'Starting right' child health service innovation: implementation adjustments, adoption, and acceptability.

Background: An increased and/or stable proportion of the child and adolescent population reports symptoms of impaired health, and the symptoms can be identified early. Therefore, structured child- and parent-reported outcome measures need to be implemented in child and school health services for decision support and identification of children at risk. We aimed to (a) qualitatively examine adjustments of active implementation from the pilot implementation of the Norwegian 'Starting Right' health service innovation including an online child health assessment tool and practical routines, and (b) measure practitioners´ adoption and parental acceptability.

The New Patterns study: coordinated measures to combat child poverty.

Background: Child poverty rates are rising in Norway with potential negative consequences for children. Services for families with low income are often fragmented and poorly integrated, and few coordinated initiatives have been implemented and evaluated in Norway.

Aims: The aim of the current study is to evaluate how integrated and coordinated services provided over a prolonged period by a family coordinator are related to changes across a wide range of health, wellbeing and home environment indicators for the participants.

Changes in medullary glycosaminoglycan histochemistry and microvascular filling during the development of 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide-induced renal papillary necrosis.

A single dose of 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) hydrobromide induced an apex limited renal papillary necrosis (RPN) at low doses (50 mg/kg, ip and sc, or 100 mg/kg, po), and the total ablation of the medulla at high doses (greater than 150 mg/kg, ip and sc, or 1000 mg/kg, po) in both male and female Wistar rats. BEA (at levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg ip to male rats) caused transient hydropic changes. By 12 to 24 hr the anatomical elements of the medulla were necrosed, and active regeneration and reepithelialization of the viable areas was apparent.

Experimental trypsin-induced urothelial cell separation in vivo.

A morphological study of the effects of different concentrations of trypsin on the normal rat bladder in vivo is described. A low concentration (5000 u/ml) of the pure enzyme caused extensive urothelial cell separation following intravesical instillation via a catheter for 30 min. Urothelial regeneration commenced within 12 h and the appearance of the bladder was normal within 3 months.

Urethral diverticulum in females.

Thirteen cases of urethral diverticulum in females are reported. Symptoms were non-specific. Two cases presented with suppuration in previously undiagnosed diverticula.

The underestimated hazards of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Twenty-eight cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were studied in retrospect and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are described. Awareness of the entity is the most effective safeguard against over-aggressive resection for this benign condition.

Conservative treatment of carcinoma of the penis.

Sixty-five cases referred to one hospital between 1964 and 1977 were studied. Forty-one presented in Stages 1 or 2 and when treated by the Iridium mould technique gave a 12/13 (92.3%) crude 5-year survival rate, an improvement over the results of previous methods of treatment, including partial amputation.

Experimental renal papillary necrosis.

Review of experimental work indicates that renal papillary necrosis (RPN) is more readily induced by mixtures of analgesics which include phenacetin or paracetamol, than by either of the latter drugs alone. In an experiment in which moderate doses of analgesics were given to rats over a long period, it was shown that aspirin had a greater nephrotoxic effect than either phenacetin or paracetamol although less than in combination with either. In a study of the evolution of aspirin-induced damage, the earliest changes were shown to occur in the interstitial cells.

Mercury pigmentation from industrial exposure. An ultrastructural and analytical electron microscopic study.

A study has been made of facial pigmentation resulting from industrial inorganic mercury exposure. Electron microscopy has shown electron-dense 400--900 nm aggregates of 12 nm particles in dermal macrophages and free in the dermis. Use of the analytical electron microscope has enabled direct confirmation of the presence of mercury in these aggregates.

The simultaneous presentation of Hodgkin's disease of myeloma.

The simultaneous presentation of Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma is described. This is rare as only one previous case appears to have been documented. Speculations as to the aetiology are discussed as well as the significance of the presentation.

Nephrogenic adenoma: a form of adenomatous metaplasia of the bladder. A clinical and electron microscopical study.

3 additional cases of "nephrogenic adenoma" of the bladder are added to the 20 previously reported cases. Light and electron microscopic studies of the first 2 cases support the hypothesis of urothelial metaplasia. The name "adenomatous metaplasia" should replace "nephrogenic adenoma".

Aspirin damage in the rat kidney in the intact animal and after unilateral nephrectomy.

Aspirin caused epithelial hyperplasia, papillary necrosis with calcification and cortical changes in the rat kidney. After unilateral nephrectomy the lesions appeared more rapidly and were more severe. In the electron microscope the earliest changes were observed in the interstitial cells.

Analgesic abuse, ureteric obstruction, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

We report two cases of unusual ureteric obstruction in patients with an excessive consumption of analgesics. In a retrospective survey of seven cases of non-malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis seen in the last 15 years it was found that four had taken excessive amounts of analgesics. A careful drug history should be taken in all patients with restroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction.