Small-intestinal digestion of partially resistant cornstarch in healthy subjects.

The aims of this study were to measure the amount of starch from partially resistant starches (retrograded and complexed high-amylose cornstarches) escaping small-intestinal digestion in healthy humans by use of an intubation method and to compare these data with data obtained by indirect in vitro methods. Experiments were carried out in vivo in 6 healthy humans by using ileal intubation and stool analysis and in vitro by using 3 different methods for analyzing resistant starch. In intubated subjects, 51 +/- 2% of the retrograded and 21 +/- 2% of the complexed starch was delivered to the ileum and was fermented almost completely in the colon.

Digestion of carbohydrate from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in healthy humans.

Resistant starch (RS) is thought to be present in large amounts in legume seeds; however, it has never been quantified in healthy humans. RS from cooked (atmospheric pressure) white beans was quantified in humans and pigs, and characterized to explain its low digestibility. Six human volunteers were intubated to collect ileal digesta after an experimental meal composed of orange juice, butter and 167 g beans (dry matter basis).

Peptide YY inhibition of prostaglandin-induced intestinal secretion is haloperidol-sensitive in humans.

Background & Aims: It is uncertain whether peptide YY (PYY) inhibits human intestinal secretion directly through enterocyte receptors or via indirect neural mechanisms. Thus, the effect of PYY on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced jejunal secretion in normal volunteers was measured, and it was determined whether a dopamine and sigma antagonist affected PYY effect.

Methods: Jejunal absorption of water and electrolytes was measured by a perfusion method in 6 volunteers.

Digestion, excretion, and energy value of fructooligosaccharides in healthy humans.

The fate of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in the human gastrointestinal tract was evaluated in six healthy volunteers over an 11-d period. After an equilibration phase, 20.1 g FOS/d was given in three identical postprandial doses.

Digestion of raw banana starch in the small intestine of healthy humans: structural features of resistant starch.

The digestion of freeze-dried green banana flour in the upper gut was studied by an intubation technique in six healthy subjects over a 14 h period. Of alpha-glucans ingested, 83.7% reached the terminal ileum but were almost totally fermented in the colon.

Role of viscous guar gums in lowering the glycemic response after a solid meal.

The aim of the present study was to investigate how guar gum viscosity acts on starch digestion and glucose absorption in humans. Six healthy subjects received a mixed diet composed of 60.4% carbohydrate in the form of maize glucose or pregelatinized starch, to which was added 5.

Structural features of resistant starch at the end of the human small intestine.

Structural features of in vivo resistant starch were assessed using the ileal contents of four humans. Two of the latter were collected by ileostomy after ingestion of bean flakes or potato flakes and the other two were collected by an intubation technique after ingestion of retrograded high-amylose maize starch or complexed high-amylose maize starch. The degree of polymerizations (DP), solubility and crystallinity were assessed.

Fate of beta-cyclodextrin in the human intestine.

We assessed the fate of beta-cyclodextrin, which is composed of seven alpha(1-->4)-linked glucose units in ring structure, in the human gastrointestinal tract. In four healthy ileostomists, ileal effluent was collected after oral administration of beta-cyclodextrin during fasting (10 g of beta-cyclodextrin) and postprandially (10 g of beta-cyclodextrin three times daily with meals). In 10 healthy volunteers, the amount of beta-cyclodextrin passing into the colon was determined by means of the breath hydrogen technique using lactulose as a standard, and stools were collected after oral administration of beta-cyclodextrin during fasting (10 g of beta-cyclodextrin) and postprandially (10 g of beta-cyclodextrin three times daily with meals).

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibodies in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis after proctocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis.

Presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibodies (ANCA) in ulcerative colitis could be an epiphenomenon related to colonic inflammation and/or may reflect a primitive disturbance of immune regulation. In this regard, study of ANCA status after the whole colorectal mucosa has been removed could favor one of these two hypothesis. We compared the prevalence of ANCA in a first group of 70 patients with non operated UC and in a second group of 32 patients with UC having had a proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis.