Publications by authors named "Molero J"

This study investigates the potential of large language models (LLMs) to provide accurate estimates of concreteness, valence, and arousal for multi-word expressions. Unlike previous artificial intelligence (AI) methods, LLMs can capture the nuanced meanings of multi-word expressions. We systematically evaluated GPT-4o's ability to predict concreteness, valence, and arousal.

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Purpose: While treatments for primary brain tumors increase survival, they have cognitive sequelae. Neurocognition's anatomical distribution makes it susceptible to brain damage. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of radiotherapy on short-term cognitive impairment.

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Background: Our objective was to assess the health impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during 2020-2022 in the Madrid region.

Methods: We included all individuals registered in the Madrid Health System Registry as of 31 December 2019, and followed them until 31 December 2022. Using a unique personal identifier, we linked the databases of primary care, hospitals, pharmacies, certified laboratories performing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and mortality.

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Patients with Hirschsprung disease lack enteric ganglia in the distal colon and propulsion of colorectal content is substantially impaired. Proposed stem cell therapies to replace neurons require surgical bypass of the aganglionic bowel during re-colonization, but there is inadequate knowledge of the consequences of bypass. We performed bypass surgery in Ednrb-/- Hirschsprung rat pups.

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Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students.

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Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir) is a new oral antiviral therapeutic for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, while ritonavir is used as a CYP3A inhibitor in low doses to slow the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, thus enhancing their therapeutic effect. The isoenzyme CYP3A4 is responsible for at least part of the oxidative metabolism of approximately 60% of available medications and ritonavir is therefore a significant source of drug interactions.

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Background And Aims: Evidence on the occurrence of low skeletal muscle mass (low-SMM) following bariatric surgery (BS) as well as on the impact of low-SMM antedating BS on post-surgical body composition (BC) are scant. In this context, we aimed to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of low-SMM prior to and up to 5 years after BS, and to evaluate pre-surgical low-SMM as an independent risk factor for the presence of low-SMM after BS.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database.

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Although liver transplantation (LT) recipients are at high cardiovascular risk (CVR), the management of CVR factors (CVRF) after LT is far from optimal and needs to be improved. For this reason, we developed a multidisciplinary protocol to standardize the identification, risk stratification, management, and targets of therapy of CVRF during the first post-LT year. The grade of identification and control of CVRF 12 months after LT in the postintervention cohort (LT January 2018-January 2020, n = 150) were compared with a control cohort who underwent LT between July 2015 and December 2016 (n = 100).

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Lower respiratory tract infections, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (COPD-E) and community acquired pneumonia (CAP), are one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in primary care and hospital emergency departments, and are the cause of a high prescription of antimicrobial agents. The selection of the most appropriate oral antibiotic treatment is based on different aspects and includes to first consider a bacterial aetiology and not a viral infection, to know the bacterial pathogen that most frequently cause these infections and the frequency of their local antimicrobial resistance. Treatment should also be prescribed quickly and antibiotics should be selected among those with a quicker mode of action, achieving the greatest effect in the shortest time and with the fewest adverse effects (toxicity, interactions, resistance and/or ecological impact).

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Article Synopsis
  • Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (uLUTI) are frequently seen in primary care, with current guidelines favoring a single 3 g dose of fosfomycin, though GPs often prefer short-course treatments.
  • This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of three short-course antibiotic therapies against a single dose of fosfomycin in women over 18 with uLUTI symptoms.
  • The trial will involve 1120 participants and evaluate treatment effectiveness based on symptom improvement at day 7, with follow-up at 14 and 28 days to assess bacterial eradication and treatment outcomes.
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Objectives: To determine how the COVID-19 lockdown influenced the lifestyle, eating behavior, use of substances, mental health, and weight in patients who had undergone bariatric surgery (BS) and explore the self-perception of one's own health and fears related to COVID-19.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional exploratory study in obesity patients who had undergone BS surgery > 1 year previously in a university hospital. Assessment was performed 40 days after initiating lockdown and included 2 periods: from April 24 until May 8 and during the initial de-escalation period: from May 9 until 22, 2020.

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The strengths, directions and coupling of the movements of the stomach depend on the organisation of its musculature. Although the rat has been used as a model species to study gastric function, there is no detailed, quantitative study of the arrangement of the gastric muscles in rat. Here we provide a descriptive and quantitative account, and compare it with human gastric anatomy.

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Background/objectives: Whether the extent of weight loss (WL) modulates bariatric surgery (BS) cardiovascular benefits has scarcely been assessed. Several WL thresholds have been commonly used to classify BS patients as good or poor responders without a proven clinical relevance. We examined the relationship between the magnitude of WL after BS and post-surgery major adverse cardiovascular-event (MACE) incidence.

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Objectives: This study aimed to describe the real-world therapeutic management of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (LUTS/BPH) attending primary care and urology clinics in Spain.

Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicentre study included men ≥50 years of age diagnosed with LUTS/BPH (≤8 years prior to study visit) (N = 670). Therapeutic management according to healthcare service (primary care vs.

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Purpose: Home lockdown and isolation due to COVID-19 have been related to negative changes in mood, sleep, and eating behaviors. People with obesity are especially vulnerable to emotional eating and might be more prone to weight gain and negative outcomes during lockdown.

Materials And Methods: Individuals scheduled for an appointment at the Obesity Unit of a Tertiary Hospital between March 16 and June 21 (n=1230).

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To assess diagnostic criteria and currently used tools for the identification of central sensitization (CS) in patients with joint pain due to osteoarthritis (OA).Qualitative, cross-sectional and multicenter study based on a 2-round Delphi surveyPublic and private medical centers attending patients with joint pain.A total of 113 specialists in traumatology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, pain management, rheumatology, primary care physicians and geriatrics were enrolled in the study.

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The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 before and shortly after the onset of symptoms suggests that only diagnosing and isolating symptomatic patients may not be sufficient to interrupt the spread of infection; therefore, public health measures such as personal distancing are also necessary. Additionally, it will be important to detect the newly infected individuals who remain asymptomatic, which may account for 50% or more of the cases. Molecular techniques are the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Purpose: To perform a clinical audit to assess adherence to standard clinical practice for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients undergoing radiotherapy for rectal cancer treatment in four European countries.

Materials And Methods: Multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study of 221 patients treated for rectal cancer in 2015 at six European cancer centres. Clinical indicators applicable to general radiotherapy processes were evaluated.

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Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) in older obese subjects (>60 years of age) has risen in the past decade and will continue to rise in the coming years due to ageing of the population.

Aim: To evaluate the short- (12 months) and long-term (60 months) results of laparoscopic sleeve gastroscopy (LSG) in patients older than age 60.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients prospectively included in a database from January 2007 to December 2013.

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Background: There is growing evidence that the subventricular zone (SVZ) may be involved in both the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GB). We aimed to assess tumor proximity to the SVZ as a potential prognostic factor in GB.

Method: Retrospective study of 133 patients diagnosed with primary GB who underwent surgery followed by temozolomide-based chemoradiation between 2010 and 2016.

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Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the appropriateness of use and interpretation of rapid antigen detection testing (RADT) and antibiotic prescribing for acute pharyngitis six years after a multifaceted intervention.

Design: Before-and-after audit-based study.

Location: Primary care centres in eight autonomous Communities.

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Background: Muscarinic receptor 1 positive allosteric modulators (M1PAMs) enhance colonic propulsive contractions and defecation through the facilitation of M1 receptor (M1R)-mediated signaling. We examined M1R expression in the colons of 5 species and compared colonic propulsion and defecation caused by the M1PAM, T440, the 5-HT agonist, prucalopride, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine, in rats and dogs.

Methods: M1R expression was profiled by immunostaining and in situ hybridization.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how socioeconomic factors affect reproductive choices among Spanish women over time.
  • Women with higher socioeconomic status tend to have children later and fewer pregnancies, with these trends being more pronounced for those born after 1950.
  • The findings highlight a shift in reproductive behaviors linked to individual and contextual socioeconomic indicators, reflecting broader socioeconomic changes in Spain.
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Background: Sarcopenia pre-dating bariatric surgery (BS) has been suggested as concern for the use of BS in older-adults with morbid obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of age on the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in BS-candidates.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 1370 consecutive BS-candidates aged ≥18, and grouped according to age: 18-39 (reference group), 40-49, 50-59 and ≥ 60 years.

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