Diet-Gut Microbiota Relations: Critical Appraisal of Evidence From Studies Using Metagenomics.

Diet may influence the gut microbiota and subsequently affect the host's health. Recent developments in methods analyzing the composition and function of the gut microbiota allow a deeper understanding of diet-gut microbiota relationships. A state-of-the-art methodology, shotgun metagenomics sequencing, offers a higher taxonomic resolution of the gut microbiota at the bacterial species and strain levels, and more accurate information regarding the functional potential of gut microbiota.

Potential pathobionts in vaginal microbiota are affected by fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in overweight and obese pregnant women.

New means to stabilize the microbial balance during pregnancy could benefit maternal health. Our objectives were to investigate in overweight/obese pregnant women 1) the impact of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) and/or probiotics on the vaginal microbiota, 2) its relation to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 3) its interaction with vaginal active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1), IGFBP-1 and aMMP-8. The women were allocated to fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics and placebo + placebo-groups, from early pregnancy onwards (fish oil: 1.

Distinct Diet-Microbiota-Metabolism Interactions in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: a Metagenomics Approach.

Diet and gut microbiota are known to modulate metabolic health. Our aim was to apply a metagenomics approach to investigate whether the diet-gut microbiota-metabolism and inflammation relationships differ in pregnant overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study was conducted in overweight ( = 234) and obese ( = 152) women during early pregnancy.

Iodine status in pregnant women and infants in Finland.

Purpose: Iodine insufficiency during pregnancy may adversely influence fetal growth and development. There is a lack of information on iodine status in pregnant women and infants in many countries including Finland. The aim of this study is to determine dietary intake of iodine and the iodine status in a population of Finnish pregnant women and their infants.

Serum CathepsinD in pregnancy: Relation with metabolic and inflammatory markers and effects of fish oils and probiotics.

Background And Aims: Elevated circulating levels of CathepsinD (CatD) have been linked to metabolic deviations including liver inflammation. We investigated 1) whether supplementation with probiotics and/or fish oil affects CatD and 2) whether the CatD concentration would associate with gestational diabetes (GDM), low-grade inflammation, lipid metabolism, body fat % and dietary composition.

Methods And Results: Overweight/obese pregnant women (n = 438) were randomized into fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo groups.

A healthy dietary pattern with a low inflammatory potential reduces the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: An optimal diet for lowering the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still to be defined, but may comprise of nutrient intakes, dietary patterns, diet quality, and eating frequency. This study was designed to investigate the contribution of diet in developing GDM in a comprehensive way.

Methods: The dietary intake of overweight or obese women, a risk group for GDM (n = 351), was assessed using 3-day food diaries and diet quality questionnaires in early pregnancy.

Impact of combined consumption of fish oil and probiotics on the serum metabolome in pregnant women with overweight or obesity.

Background: If a pregnant woman is overweight, this can evoke metabolic alterations that may have health consequences for both mother and child.

Methods: Pregnant women with overweight/obesity (n = 358) received fish oil+placebo, probiotics+placebo, fish oil+probiotics or placebo+placebo from early pregnancy onwards. The serum metabolome was analysed from fasting samples with a targeted NMR-approach in early and late pregnancy.

The efficacy of probiotics and/or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intervention on maternal prenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms among overweight and obese women.

Background: Maternal depression and anxiety may endanger well-being of both mother and child. We investigated the efficacy of probiotics and/or fish oil (FO) in modifying pre- and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms. Symptom trajectories were identified and the influence of lifestyle factors on symptoms was evaluated.

The Impacts of Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention on Low-Grade Inflammation, IGFBP-1 and MMP-8 in Pregnancy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: We investigated the impact of fish oil and/or probiotics on serum and vaginal inflammatory and metabolic proteins and their relation to the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Overweight/obese pregnant women received fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo from early pregnancy until six months postpartum (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.

Weight gain and body composition during pregnancy: a randomised pilot trial with probiotics and/or fish oil.

We evaluated the effects of fish oil and/or probiotic supplementation in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention pilot trial on gestational weight gain (GWG) and body composition. Additionally, the influence of gestational diabetes (GDM) on GWG and body composition was assessed. We randomised 439 overweight women into intervention groups: fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics and placebo + placebo (fish oil: 1·9 g DHA and 0·22 g EPA and probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.

Corrigendum to "Early pregnancy serum IGFBP-1 relates to lipid profile in overweight and obese women" [Heliyon 6 (8) (August 2020) Article e04788].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Early pregnancy serum IGFBP-1 relates to lipid profile in overweight and obese women.

Lower level of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP-1) has been observed in insulin resistance, while higher level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been linked to obesity. The aim here was to study in overweight and obese women, typically manifesting with insulin resistance, whether IGFBP-1 and MMP-8 are related to and reflect systemic low-grade inflammation, metabolism and diet. Fasting serum from overweight and obese pregnant women (n = 100) in early pregnancy were analysed for IGFBP-1, phosphorylated IGFBP-1 (phIGFBP-1) and MMP-8.

Metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota in response to diet intervention and gestational diabetes in overweight and obese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: Gut microbiota and diet are known to contribute to human metabolism. We investigated whether the metagenomic gut microbiota composition and function changes over pregnancy are related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and can be modified by dietary supplements, fish oil and/or probiotics.

Design: The gut microbiota of 270 overweight/obese women participating in a mother-infant clinical study were analysed with metagenomics approach in early (mean gestational weeks 13.

A carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) profile links successful metabolic specialization of Prevotella to its abundance in gut microbiota.

Gut microbiota participates in diverse metabolic and homeostatic functions related to health and well-being. Its composition varies between individuals, and depends on factors related to host and microbial communities, which need to adapt to utilize various nutrients present in gut environment. We profiled fecal microbiota in 63 healthy adult individuals using metaproteomics, and focused on microbial CAZy (carbohydrate-active) enzymes involved in glycan foraging.

Distinct Metabolomic Profile Because of Gestational Diabetes and its Treatment Mode in Women with Overweight and Obesity.

Objective: Whether the presence of gestational diabetes (GDM) and its treatment mode influence the serum metabolic profile in women with overweight or obesity was studied.

Methods: The serum metabolic profiles of 352 women with overweight or obesity participating in a mother-infant clinical study were analyzed with a targeted NMR approach (at 35.1 median gestational weeks).

GlycA, a novel marker for low grade inflammation, reflects gut microbiome diversity and is more accurate than high sensitive CRP in reflecting metabolomic profile.

Introduction: Gut microbiota is, along with adipose tissue, recognized as a source for many metabolic and inflammatory disturbances that may contribute to the individual's state of health.

Objectives: We investigated in cross-sectional setting the feasibility of utilizing GlycA, a novel low grade inflammatory marker, and traditional low grade inflammatory marker, high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), in reflecting serum metabolomics status and gut microbiome diversity.

Methods: Fasting serum samples of overweight/obese pregnant women (n = 335, gestational weeks: mean 13.

Distinct Metabolic Profile in Early Pregnancy of Overweight and Obese Women Developing Gestational Diabetes.

Background: Reliable biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) would be beneficial in the early prevention of adverse metabolic outcomes during pregnancy and beyond.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the early pregnancy serum metabolic profile differs in women developing GDM from those remaining healthy. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of these metabolites to act as predictive markers for GDM.

Interactions of dietary fat with the gut microbiota: Evaluation of mechanisms and metabolic consequences.

The current scientific literature proposes that both the amount and type of dietary fat modulate homeostasis of the gut microbiota; disturbances in homeostasis may have metabolic consequences with potentially serious clinical manifestations. The evidence for interactions between dietary fat and gut microbiota has been mostly derived from animal studies, but there is now also evidence emerging from human studies. We will review the current literature on how dietary fat influences the gut microbiota, particularly focusing on the type of fat.

Overall Dietary Quality Relates to Gut Microbiota Diversity and Abundance.

Disturbances in gut microbiota homeostasis may have metabolic consequences with potentially serious clinical manifestations. Diet influences the host's metabolic health in several ways, either directly or indirectly by modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. This study investigated the extent to which dietary quality is reflected in gut microbiota diversity in overweight and obese pregnant women at risk for metabolic complications.

Efficacy of Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an At-Risk Group of Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Objective: To assess whether the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be lowered and glucose metabolism improved by daily administration of fish oil and/or probiotic supplements in overweight and obese pregnant women.

Research Design And Methods: We randomized in a double-blind manner 439 women (mean 13.9 ± 2.

Body composition measurement by air displacement plethysmography in pregnancy: Comparison of predicted versus measured thoracic gas volume.

Objectives: Body composition measurements with air displacement plethysmography (ADP) define body volume, which must be corrected for thoracic gas volume (TGV). We hypothesized that physiologic changes owing to pregnancy could affect the accuracy of predicted TGV and introduce errors into body composition measurements.

Methods: We investigated the effect of measuring versus predicting TGV on the accuracy of body composition calculations measured with ADP in overweight and obese pregnant women.

Dietary quality influences body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women.

Background & Aims: Excessive adiposity and gestational weight gain (GWG) have been linked with maternal and offspring morbidity. We investigated the relation of maternal diet, physical activity and GWG on body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women.

Methods: Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) of 110 overweight and obese pregnant women were measured by air displacement plethysmography in early and late pregnancy (mean 13.

The impact of probiotics and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on intestinal permeability in pregnancy: a randomised clinical trial.

A disruption in intestinal barrier integrity may predispose individuals to metabolic aberrations, particularly during the vulnerable period of pregnancy. We investigated whether intestinal permeability, as measured by serum zonulin concentration, changes over the duration of pregnancy and whether this change is reflected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity. Second, we tested in a randomised double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial the impact of consuming dietary probiotics and/or long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) supplements in lowering serum zonulin concentration and LPS activity.