Effect of simultaneous application of adenosine A1 receptor agonist and A2A receptor antagonist on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment.

The potential role of adenosine, a natural neuroprotective agent, and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been proposed. The present study aims to examine the effect of administering both an A1 receptor agonist and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist simultaneously on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in an LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease model in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, LPS, Saline + Vehicle, LPS + Vehicle, LPS + SCH58261 (A2A receptor antagonist), LPS + CPA (A1 receptor agonist), LPS + SCH58261+CPA.

Clinical and immunological comparison of COVID-19 disease between critical and non-critical courses: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in 2019, has been classified as critical and non-critical according to clinical signs and symptoms. Critical patients require mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, whereas non-critical patients require neither mechanical ventilation nor ICU admission. Several factors have been recently identified as effective factors, including blood cell count, enzymes, blood markers, and underlying diseases.

Stem cell-conditioned medium is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Background And Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease, is mainly characterized by dementia, memory loss, and cognitive disorder. Rising research was performed to develop pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches to treat or improve AD complications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that can self-renew and exhibit multilineage differentiation.

Niosomes-loaded selenium nanoparticles as a new approach for enhanced antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anticancer activities.

Targeted drug delivery and increasing the biological activity of drugs is one of the recent challenges of pharmaceutical researchers. Niosomes are one of the new targeted drug delivery systems that enhances the biological properties of drugs. In this study, for the first time, the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), and its loading into niosome was carried out to increase the anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity of SeNPs.

Red-light radiation: does it enhance memory by increasing hippocampal LRP-1 and TRPA-1 genes expression?

Purpose: Despite the extensive efforts to treat the leading cause of neurodegenerative diseases (ND), a little progress has been reported. Red light might affect ND through many specific mechanisms. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the effect of red light on the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LRP-1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA-1) gene in the hippocampus, and the serum melatonin level (SML) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuro-inflammated rats.

The impact of the gut microbiome on toxigenic bacteria.

Millions of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms known as microbiota colonize the host body. The microbiome plays an important role in human health and colonizes hundreds of different species of multicellular organisms so that they are introduced as the metaorganisms. Changes in the microbial population of the gut microbiome may cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria-induced infection.

Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social and Scientific Networks During Social Distancing.

In the COVID-19 era, while we are encouraged to be physically far away from each other, social and scientific networking is needed more than ever. The dire consequences of social distancing can be diminished by social networking. Social media, a quintessential component of social networking, facilitates the dissemination of reliable information and fighting against misinformation by health authorities.

Tympanosclerosis and atherosclerosis plaques: a comparative analytical study on some new microbiological and immunohistochemical aspects.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare chemical contents, expression of BMP-8a, and the presence of Mycoplasma and ExoS-ExoU exotoxins producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tympanosclerosis (TS) and atherosclerosis (AS) plaques.

Methods: Thirty-six cases with TS and AS plaques (18 each) were selected and examined for chemical, immunohistochemical, and microbial analysis. SPSS ver.

Niosome-encapsulated tobramycin reduced antibiotic resistance and enhanced antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In the current study, niosome-encapsulated tobramycin based on Span 60 and Tween 60 was synthesized and its biological efficacies including anti-bacterial, anti-efflux, and anti-biofilm activities were investigated against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The niosomal formulations were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurement. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 69.

Enriched environment effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced spatial learning, memory impairment and hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels in male rats.

Neuro-inflammation is responsible for cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the enriched environment (EE) effect on learning and memory impairment as well as on pro-inflammatory cytokines changes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS injection (1 mg/kg/i.

Diphtheria toxoid nanoparticles improve learning and memory impairment in animal model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving memory. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of encapsulated diphtheria toxoid (DT) on behavioral learning impairment, and XBP1 mRNA splicing in AD.

Methods: A DT-loaded nanoparticle (NP) carrier was prepared using the ionic gelation method.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated from Mespilus germanica extract against multidrug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated from Mespilus germanica extract against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Fifty strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated from various clinical specimens.

Aptamer-based Targeted Delivery of miRNA let-7d to Gastric Cancer Cells as a Novel Anti-Tumor Therapeutic Agent.

miRNAs as one of the potential therapeutic agents have been recently considered for cancer treatment. AS1411 (aptNCL) is a DNA aptamer specifically binding to nucleolin protein on the cancer cell surface with antiproliferative effect. The aim of the study was to develop a conjugate consisting of aptNCL (as targeted delivery of therapeutic agent) and miRNA let-7d (as a tumor suppressor) using two different linking methods and also to evaluate the potential effect of the conjugates on the proliferation of gastric cancer (MKN-45) cell line compared to negative control cell line of human dermal fibroblast (HDF).

Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia oliveriana extract and their biological activities for an effective treatment of lung cancer.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Artemisia oliveriana extract, and their physicochemical characteristics were studied. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the AgNPs, as well as their anticancer effects on the lung cancer cell line (A549), using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), MIC and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) techniques respectively demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs mainly affected the gram-positive bacteria rather than the gram-negative bacteria, and exhibited significant cellular toxicity on the A549 cell line. Further, the cellular uptake of the AgNPs results indicated that the AgNPs accumulated within the cell.

Distribution of high-level mupirocin resistance among clinical MRSA.

Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) decolonization in hospital settings and nursing homes and is used as a highly effective antibiotic against MRSA. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of high-level mupirocin-resistant (HLMR) strains among the MRSA subtypes. A total of 188 clinical MRSA isolates were collected from 2011 to 2014, and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and vancomycin resistance was evaluated using disc diffusion method and micro-dilution method, respectively.

Isolation of a new ssDNA aptamer against staphylococcal enterotoxin B based on CNBr-activated sepharose-4B affinity chromatography.

Staphylococcus aureus are potent human pathogens possessing arsenal of virulence factors. Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) and respiratory infections mediated by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) are common clinical manifestations. Many diagnostic techniques are based on serological detection and quantification of SEB in different food and clinical samples.