Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders.

Gene-environment interaction is an emerging hypothesis to explain the increased incidence of neurological disorders. In this context, the health and clinical effects of exposure to air pollutants have received increasing attention. One of these pollutants is the growth of fungi and molds in the form of multicellular filaments, known as hyphae.

Cognitive impairment, depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal microglia activation following exposure to air pollution nanoparticles.

Air pollution particulate matter (PM) is a world risk factor that the effects of long-term exposure to these factors in terms of damage to cardiovascular and pulmonary function are well known, but little is known comparatively about the effects of PM on emotional and cognitive processes. Exposure to PM can adversely affect the central nervous system (CNS) by inflammatory pathways and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with urban air pollution PM. Therefore, we investigated whether prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) affects hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and emotional and cognition responses.

Exposure to urban air pollution particulate matter: neurobehavioral alteration and hippocampal inflammation.

Air pollution is associated with many neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders in human populations. Rodent models show similar neurotoxic effects of urban air pollution ultrafine particulate matter (UFPs < 100 nm (PM0.1)), collected by different methods or from various sources.

Airborne aerosols particles and COVID-19 transition.

With the outbreak of Coronavirus (2019) (COVID-19), as of late March 2020, understanding how the cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmitted is one of the most important questions that researchers are seeking to answer; because this effort helps to reduce the spread of disease. The COVID-19 is highly transmissible and deadly. Despite "tracking the call" and carefully examining patient contact, it is not yet clear how the virus is transmitted from one sick person to another.

Investigation of metabolic kinetics in different brain regions of awake rats using the [H-C]-NMR technique.

Energy metabolism and neurotransmission are necessary for sustaining normal life activities. Hence, neurological or psychiatric disorders are always associated with changes in neurotransmitters and energy metabolic states in the brain. Most studies have only focused on the most important neurotransmitters, particularly GABA and Glu, however, other metabolites such as NAA and aspartate which are also very important for cerebral function are rarely investigated.

Learning and memory disorders related to hippocampal inflammation following exposure to air pollution.

It has been demonstrated that sub-chronic exposure to air pollution containing nanoscale (˂100 nm) diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) may lead to excessive oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in adult male mice. Hereby, we investigated the effects of DEPs on hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and neuro-inflammation and memory-related gene expression in male mice. In this study, we divided 48 adult NMRI male mice into control group VS.

Hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress following exposure to diesel exhaust nanoparticles in male and female mice.

Air pollution exposure is among the most prevalent reasons for environmentally-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are involved in the development and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Ultrafine particles (UFPs) plays an important role in global air pollution and the diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are the most important component in this regard. There are more than 40 toxic air pollutants in diesel exhaust (DE), which is one of the main constituents of an environmental pollutant and including particulate matter (PM) especially UFPs.

Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust particles causes anxiety, spatial memory disorders with alters expression of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and NMDA receptor subunits in adult male mice offspring.

Air pollution by Diesel exhaust (DE) consists of gaseous compounds and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Previous studies show associations between prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust affects the central nervous system (CNS). However, there was not reported that these effects were caused by gaseous compounds, diesel exhaust particles, or both.

Exposure to nanoscale diesel exhaust particles: Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, anxiety and depression on adult male mice.

Exposure to nanoscale diesel engines exhausted particles (DEPs) is a well-recognized risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Rodents as commonly used models for urban air pollution in health effect studies demonstrate constant stimulation of inflammatory responses in the main areas of the brain. Nevertheless, the primary effect of diesel exhaust particulate matter on some of the brain regions and relation by behavioral alterations still remains untouched.