Heavy metal(loid) pollution of a hard-rock aquifer: evidence, distribution, and source.

Composition of groundwater in the mining areas can be affected by oxidation of sulfide minerals and related reactions. Given that in the Miduk copper mine area, groundwater is the only available water resource for drinking and agriculture purposes. In the study area, assessment and measurement of groundwater physicochemical properties such as pH, TDS, EC, major cations, and major anions were performed.