Minimal Invasive Procedures in Strabismus Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: To review the principles and different techniques of minimally invasive procedures in strabismus surgery.

Methods: This is a narrative review on minimally invasive procedures in strabismus surgery including general aspects and different new modifications on conventional strabismus surgery. We reviewed 24 articles published between 1993 and 2020.

An intensive, structured, mobile devices-based healthcare intervention to optimize the lipid-lowering therapy improves lipid control after an acute coronary syndrome.

Aims: Despite the evidence, lipid-lowering treatment (LLT) in secondary prevention remains insufficient, and a low percentage of patients achieve the recommended LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels by the guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an intensive, mobile devices-based healthcare lipid-lowering intervention after hospital discharge in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods And Results: Ambiespective register in which a mobile devices-based healthcare intervention including periodic follow-up, serial lipid level controls, and optimization of lipid-lowering therapy, if appropriate, was assessed in terms of serum lipid-level control at 12 weeks after discharge.

Cardiac Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance to Predict the Absence of Intracardiac Thrombus in Anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Background: Pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) is a standard treatment for recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). Uninterrupted anticoagulation for a minimum of 3 weeks before ablation and exclusion of left atrial (LA) thrombus with transesophageal echography (TEE) immediately before or during the procedure minimize peri-procedural risk. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of cardiac tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to rule out LA thrombus prior to PVI.

Prognostic Utility of a New Risk Stratification Protocol for Secondary Prevention in Patients Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Several risk scores have been used to predict risk after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but none of these risk scores include functional class. The aim was to assess the predictive value of risk stratification (RS), including functional class, and how cardiac rehabilitation (CR) changed RS. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with ACS from an ambispective observational registry were stratified as low (L) and no-low (NL) risk and classified according to exercise compliance; low risk and exercise (L-E), low risk and control (no exercise) (L-C), no-low risk and exercise (NL-E), and no-low risk and control (NL-C).

Myocardial Injury as a Prognostic Factor in Mid- and Long-Term Follow-Up of COVID-19 Survivors.

Myocardial injury, which is present in >20% of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, is associated with increased short-term mortality, but little is known about its mid- and long-term consequences. We evaluated the association between myocardial injury with one-year mortality and readmission in 172 COVID-19 patients discharged alive. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of myocardial injury (defined by hs-cTn levels) on admission and matched by age and sex.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Diagnostic pitfalls in genetic testing.

Purpose: To investigate the possibility and consequences of false positive testing for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) using repeated testing.

Methods: In three cases of suspected LHON, initial mutation analysis using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing showed rare mtDNA mutations at nt 14482 in two cases and a mutation in nt 14484 in the third case which has been associated with a mild variant of LHON. All three patients consulted a specialized neuro-ophthalmology center for a second opinion.

[Markers of myocardial injury in the prediction of short-term COVID-19 prognosis].

Introduction And Objectives: COVID-19 is currently causing high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Information on cardiac injury is scarce. We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular damage in patients with COVID-19 and determine the correlation of high-sensitivity cardiac-specific troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with the severity of COVID-19.

Markers of myocardial injury in the prediction of short-term COVID-19 prognosis.

Introduction And Objectives: COVID-19 is currently causing high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Information on cardiac injury is scarce. We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular damage in patients with COVID-19 and determine the correlation of high-sensitivity cardiac-specific troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with the severity of COVID-19.

Prolonged QT Interval in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Prevalence and Prognosis.

Background: The prognostic value of a prolonged QT interval in SARS-Cov2 infection is not well known.

Objective: To determine whether the presence of a prolonged QT on admission is an independent factor for mortality in SARS-Cov2 hospitalized patients.

Methods: Single-center cohort of 623 consecutive patients with positive polymerase-chain-reaction test (PCR) to SARS Cov2, recruited from 27 February to 7 April 2020.

[Testing and approach when non-organic visual loss is suspected].

Approximately 5% of the patients in the ophthalmological practice suffer from non-organic vision loss. In children non-organic vision loss has been observed from the age of 6 years. In order to be able to make a rapid diagnosis knowledge of the relevant clinical tests is decisive.

Comparison of deep sclerokeratodissection, a new variant of nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery, with deep sclerectomy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of deep sclerokeratodissection (DSKD), a new nonpenetrating technique in glaucoma surgery.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective comparison between patients treated with DSKS or deep sclerectomy (DS) between 2013 and 2014. In DSKD, the first and only flap is dissected directly into clear cornea with unroofing Schlemm's canal.

[Early detection and treatment of strabismus].

An early diagnosis of strabismus is important in order to rule out treatable organic causes and in children, if indicated, to start as early as possible with an amblyopia treatment. Early detection will also decrease the risk for accidents secondary to diplopia, to the loss of binocular vision and to the restriction of the binocular visual field in case of esodeviations. The following therapeutic options exist: in some cases the prescription of the correct refraction will be sufficient, for small deviations a prismatic correction may allow a longstanding treatment, for larger or incomitant deviations strabismus surgery will be necessary, which nowadays can be performed using minimal-invasive technique on an outpatient base.

Review: minimally invasive strabismus surgery.

This article reviews the principles and different techniques used to perform minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS). This term is used for strabismus surgeries minimizing tissue disruption. Muscles are not accessed through one large opening, but using several keyhole openings placed where needed for the surgical steps.

[Pattern of injuries to the surgical team during ophthalmosurgical interventions].

Background: Accidental sharp injuries among the health-care workers are frequent, especially in the surgical disciplines. Because there are only limited data available about accidental sharp injuries in small surgical disciplines, we investigated the occurrence of sharp injuries among ophthalmosurgeons in Switzerland.

Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all 500 members of the Swiss Ophthalmological Association.

[Nintendo 3DS: technology, physiology and possible risks for children's eyes].

In March 2011 the new Nintendo 3DS went on sale in Switzerland and Germany. The game console features an attractive 3D display without the need of special glasses. By means of a so-called parallax barrier the depth perception can be increased or even turned off.

Intraoperative conversion rate to a large, limbal opening in minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS).

Background: To evaluate which factors predispose to an intraoperative conversion to the usual limbal approach in minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS).

Methods: This study included 451 consecutive patients operated on by one surgeon at Kantonsspital St Gallen, Switzerland, with minimally invasive rectus muscle surgery between February 2003 and December 2007. We evaluated the intraoperative conversion rate to the usual limbal approach over time, and performed a retrospective determination of date of surgery, age of patient, motility of the eye, primary or revision surgery, and the type and dose of surgery in 982 consecutive rectus muscle procedures.

[Incidental finding of bilateral altitudinal visual field defects].

A 28-year-old woman presented with surprisingly asymptomatic bilateral inferior altitudinal visual field defects. Fundoscopy disclosed superior hypoplastic optic discs which was diagnosed as bilateral superior segmental optic hypoplasia. The patient suffered from maternal diabetes and sacral agenesis syndrome, which is also frequently associated with maternal diabetes.

The perception of strabismus by children and adults.

Background: Visible strabismus has been shown to have adverse psychosocial consequences. It remains controversial if esotropia or exotropia is perceived more negatively. The aim of this study was to determine if esotropia or exotropia and the eye (side) in which strabismus is present are perceived differently.

Strabismus and discrimination in children: are children with strabismus invited to fewer birthday parties?

Aim: To determine the social acceptance of children with strabismus by their peers and to determine the age at which the negative impact of strabismus on psychosocial interactions emerges.

Methods: Photographs of six children were digitally altered in order to create pictures of identical twins except for the position of the eyes (orthotropic, exotropic and exotropic) and the colour of the shirt. One hundred and eighteen children aged 3-12 years were asked to select, for each of the six twin pairs, one of the twins to invite to their birthday party.

Combined horizontal rectus muscle minimally invasive strabismus surgery for exotropia.

Objective: To evaluate combined horizontal rectus muscle minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) for exotropia.

Design: Case series.

Participants: Fifty-two consecutive exotropic patients operated on by 1 surgeon with MISS combined unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle plication.

Impact of low vision on employment.

Background: We investigated the influence of self-reported corrected eyesight on several variables describing the perception by employees and self-employed persons of their employment.

Methods: Our study was based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). SHARE is a multidisciplinary, cross-national database of microdata on health, socioeconomic status, social and family networks, collected on 31,115 individuals in 11 European countries and in Israel.

GD1a-associated pure motor Guillain-Barré syndrome with hyperreflexia and bilateral papillitis.

A patient with acute purely motor polyneuropathy with positive GD1a ganglioside antibodies who presented with paresis in combination with hyperreflexia is reported. Neurophysiological tests revealed features compatible with acute motor axonal neuropathy. Therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin led to rapid clinical improvement.