Protocol for the development and piloting of a cluster randomised controlled trial for stress prevention, management, and coping mechanism among police officers in Nigeria.

Background: Policing is a stressful occupation. Police officers are exposed to stressors that are inherent in the organization and operations of law enforcement. Similar to their counterparts around the world, many Nigeria police officers are exposed to high levels of stress, making them vulnerable to stress-related mental health conditions and other noncommunicable diseases.

Challenges and Recommendations for Improving Cancer Research and Practice in Nigeria: .

Background: Cancers, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, constitute a leading public health problem in Nigeria. As the burden of cancer in Nigeria increases, research and quality service delivery remain critical strategies for improved cancer control across the continuum of care. This study contextualizes the challenges and gaps in oncology research and practice in Nigeria, and presents recommendations to address the gaps.

Intention and Concerns about HPV Vaccination among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common sexually transmitted infection responsible for some cancers including cervical cancer. Despite nearly half of the Nigerian population being at risk (women <25), vaccination uptake against the infection is still less than 5%.

Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique.

Knowledge, perception, attitude, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine by health care workers in Garki hospital Abuja, Nigeria.

Background: Healthcare workers are currently making efforts to offer services that cater to the holistic care needs of their patients. Previous studies have shown that some healthcare workers encounter challenges when advising patients about Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), even though its use is widespread. Many health care workers may not have received formal education or training in CAM and consequently are unable to address their patients' questions about it.

Using genome and transcriptome data from African-ancestry female participants to identify putative breast cancer susceptibility genes.

African-ancestry (AA) participants are underrepresented in genetics research. Here, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) in AA female participants to identify putative breast cancer susceptibility genes. We built genetic models to predict levels of gene expression, exon junction, and 3' UTR alternative polyadenylation using genomic and transcriptomic data generated in normal breast tissues from 150 AA participants and then used these models to perform association analyses using genomic data from 18,034 cases and 22,104 controls.

Benign breast disease and breast cancer risk in African women: a case-control study.

Purpose: To examine the association between benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) in a heterogeneous population of African women.

Methods: BC cases and controls were enrolled in three sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Uganda, between 1998 and 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between BBD and BC.

Benign breast disease and breast cancer risk in African women: A case-control study.

Purpose: To examine the association between benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) in a heterogeneous population of African women.

Methods: BC cases and matched controls were enrolled in three sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria Cameroon, and Uganda, between 1998-2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between BBD and BC.

Contextual factors influencing the roles of patent medicine vendors in the provision of injectable contraception services in Nigeria.

Background: Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) play vital roles in the delivery of family planning services in Nigeria and other developing countries. There is a growing recognition of the need to integrate them into the formal health care system as a strategy to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate and achieve universal health coverage. Though promising, the success of this proposition is largely dependent on a critical analysis of the factors which influence their operations.

Temporal trends in overweight and obesity and chronic disease risks among adolescents and young adults: A ten-year review at a tertiary institution in Nigeria.

There is an increasing prevalence of obesity among college/university students in low- and middle-income countries, similar to the trend observed in high-income countries. This study aimed to describe the trend and burden of overweight/obesity and emerging associated chronic disease risks among students at the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. This is a ten-year retrospective review of medical records of students (undergraduate and post-graduate) admitted between 2009 and 2018 at UI.

Prevalence of physical activity and dietary patterns as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among semi-urban dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are leading risk factors for cardiovascular diseases globally. Limited studies have assessed the prevalence of these risk factors in community-based settings in Nigeria.

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of physical activity and the dietary pattern of residents in selected semi-urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge, Utilisation, Prevention Educational Interventions and Policy Response in Nigeria: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: This review evaluated the knowledge, utilisation, prevention education, and policy response across the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria to inform national efforts for the prevention and control of cervical cancer.

Methods: A keyword-based systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE (NCBI), Google Scholar, and AJOL electronic databases, including a manual scan of papers, journals and websites to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility.

Breast Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults Less Than 40 Years of Age in Nigeria: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Breast cancer among adolescents and young adult (AYA) females aged 15-39 years is associated with different patterns of aggressiveness, as well as psychosocial and economic issues. At present, the burden of breast cancer among this age group is unknown in Nigeria. There is a need to determine the proportion of AYA with breast cancer in Nigeria.

Oncology Training Needs Assessment Among Health Care Professionals in Nigeria.

Purpose: This study investigated the status of training and preparedness for oncology practice and research and degree of interprofessional collaboration among health care professionals in the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used. Three hundred seventeen respondents completed a three-part, online questionnaire.

Qualitative views of Nigerian school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting students' physical activity behaviours within the school settings.

Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a growing public health challenge among Nigerian adolescents. Significant information gap exists on the school-related factors which influence the participation of adolescents in school-based physical activity programmes in Nigeria. This study was conducted to document the qualitative views of school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting the physical activity behaviours of adolescents within the school settings in light of the socio-ecological model.

Process evaluation of an intervention to improve access to injectable contraceptive services through patent medicine vendors in Nigeria: a mixed methods study.

Background: The low utilisation of modern contraceptives in many low- and middle-income countries remains a challenge. Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) that operate in the informal health sector, have the potential to address this challenge. Between 2015 and 2018, the Population Council, in collaboration with the Federal and State Ministries of Health and the Pharmacy Council of Nigeria, trained PMVs in six states to deliver injectable contraceptive services.

A cross-sectional study of the knowledge and screening practices of diabetes among adults in a south western Nigerian city.

Introduction: The control of diabetes depends largely on preventive actions often influenced by knowledge and awareness of the condition, its risk factors, complication, and management. This study assessed the awareness, knowledge, and practices regarding diabetes among adults in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred randomly selected non-diabetic respondents, aged 18 to 65 years.

Urban Poor Community Settings' Knowledge and Screening Practices for Cervical Cancer in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Purpose: This study investigated knowledge and screening practices for cervical cancer among two urban poor community settings in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. ODK tool was used to collect quantitative data among a sample size of 500 respondents.

The global role, impact, and limitations of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in breast cancer screening: a scoping review and recommendations to promote health equity for all.

: Innovative interventions are needed to address the growing burden of breast cancer globally, especially among vulnerable patient populations. Given the success of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in addressing communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases, this scoping review will investigate the roles and impacts of CHWs in breast cancer screening programs. This paper also seeks to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of these programs, with particular attention paid to differences between CHW-led interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs).

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Alcohol Use in Selected Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Nigeria is ranked high among African countries in the consumption of alcohol and the national adult per capita consumption was estimated at 12.3litres. Harmful alcohol use is the sixth leading cause of disability and deaths in Nigeria.

Indepth Interviews' on Acceptability and Concerns for Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake among Mothers of Adolescent Girls in Community Settings in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers protection of between 80 and 100% for anogenital warts and 60-80% in reducing the incidence of pre-malignant lesions from cervical cancer. However, uptake remains low in Nigeria among adolescent girls. This study was a qualitative study that assessed mothers' acceptability and concerns regarding uptake of HPV vaccine by their adolescent daughters.

General and tuberculosis-specific service readiness in two states in Nigeria.

Background: Tuberculosis is the world's deadliest infectious disease and a leading cause of death in Nigeria. The availability of a functional healthcare system is critical for effective TB service delivery and attainment of national and global targets. This study was designed to assess readiness for TB service delivery in Oyo and Anambra states of Nigeria.

Implementing oncology clinical trials in Nigeria: a model for capacity building.

Background: There is both higher mortality and morbidity from cancer in low and medium income countries (LMICs) compared with high income countries (HICs). Clinical trial activities and development of more effective and less toxic therapies have led to significant improvements in morbidity and mortality from cancer in HICs. Unfortunately, clinical trials remain low in LMICs due to poor infrastructure and paucity of experienced personnel to execute clinical trials.

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors in two states in Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the treatment success rate among TB patients and associated factors in Anambra and Oyo, the two states with the largest burden of tuberculosis in Nigeria.

Methods: A health facility record review for 2016 was conducted in the two states (Anambra and Oyo). A checklist was used to extract relevant information from the records kept in each of the selected DOTS facilities to determine TB treatment success rates.