The analgesic effects of botulinum neurotoxin by modulating pain-related receptors; A literature review.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, have been used for the treatment of various central and peripheral neurological conditions. Recent studies have suggested that BoNTs may also have a beneficial effect on pain conditions. It has been hypothesized that one of the mechanisms underlying BoNTs' analgesic effects is the inhibition of pain-related receptors' transmission to the neuronal cell membrane.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic effects of botulinum neurotoxin: A literature review.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), derived from Clostridium botulinum, have been employed to treat a range of central and peripheral neurological disease. Some studies indicate that BoNT may be beneficial for pain conditions as well. It has been hypothesized that BoNTs may exert their analgesic effects by preventing the release of pain-related neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory agents from sensory nerve endings, suppressing glial activation, and inhibiting the transmission of pain-related receptors to the neuronal cell membrane.

Evaluating the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for treatment of refractory perianal fistula in IBD patients: clinical trial phase I.

Background: Exosome administration is a novel medical approach that promises excellent immunomodulatory properties without the conventional side effects of current antitumor necrosis factor drugs and stem cells. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes to treat refractory fistulas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods: MSCs were derived from the umbilical cords and their exosomes were isolated.

Presentation of Two Simple Methods to Confirm Proper Tracheal Intubation: Palm Pressure, Plastic Bag Inflation, and Bag Pulsation.

Background: The correct placement of the endotracheal tube is a cornerstone of safe anesthesia. Different methods, such as auscultation, capnography, and ultrasound, have their own limitations regarding the confirmation of endotracheal intubation, reinforcing the idea that a single technique is not foolproof. This study proposes a new technique in this regard.

Evaluation of the Relationship between Nutritional Status of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU and Patients' Prognosis: A Cohort Study.

Background: Malnutrition in COVID-19 critically ill patients can lead to poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutritional status (or risk) and the prognosis of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this study, prognosis is the primary outcome of "hospital mortality" patients.

Mortality Predictive Value of APACHE II and SOFA Scores in COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has become a global dilemma since December 2019. Are the standard scores, such as acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, accurate for predicting the mortality rate of COVID-19 or the need for new scores? We aimed to evaluate the mortality predictive value of APACHE II and SOFA scores in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods: In a cohort study, we enrolled 204 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units at the Imam Khomeini hospital complex.

[Comparison of post-operative nausea and vomiting with intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia in laparotomic abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial].

Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a multifactorial surgical complication with an unclear underlying cause. Anesthetic methods, patients' characteristics and the type of surgery are considered as factors affecting PONV. This study was designed to compare the effect of inhalational and intravenous anesthesia in abdominal surgery on the incidence and severity of PONV.

Predicting Factors of Pain Duration in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Large Population-based Study.

Background: Chronic pain is the third main problem of global health and the most common cause of long-term disabilities. The duration that patients suffer from chronic pain is directly proportional to the extent of the suffering and to the amount of health care resources allocated to this problem. There is no research that has studied the risk factors associated with the long pain duration in chronic pain patients.

The Effects of Acupuncture on Hemodynamic Changes During Endotracheal Intubation for General Anesthesia.

The goal of this research was to investigate the efficacy of perioperative manual acupuncture in the LV 3 and LI 4 points for lessening hemodynamic changes during endotracheal intubation in patients who were receiving anesthesia. This double-blinded randomized controlled study enrolled patients who were undergoing endotracheal intubation, in 2015-2016, during general anesthesia in the general surgery department of the Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups with 30 patients in each group.

The effect of stellate ganglion block on the function of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis: A randomized trial.

Background And Purpose: The best access for hemodialysis is an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The most helpful way for vasodilation in the upper limb is stellate ganglion block. We aim to evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block on outcome of vascular access for dialysis.

ointment can reduce abdominal fat thickness and abdominal circumference of overweight women: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide health problem which is associated with a lot of complications. One of these comorbidities is the metabolic syndrome that is in correlation with abdominal fat thickness and waist circumference. Various methods were used to reduce abdominal fat thickness such as liposuction.

Clinical course teaching in transport of critically ill patients: Small group methods.

Critically ill patient transfer is potentially risky and may be lead to morbidity and mortality. Physicians' skill is very important for safe transport. We want to evaluate the effect of clinical course teaching on the promotion of physicians' abilities in the transport of critically ill patients.

The effect of local injections of bupivacaine plus ketamine, bupivacaine alone, and placebo on reducing postoperative anal fistula pain: a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of different local anesthetic solutions on postoperative pain of anal surgery in adult patients.

Method: In this randomized double-blind prospective clinical trial, 60 adult patients (18 to 60 years old) with physical status class I and class II that had been brought to a university hospital operating room for fistula anal surgery with spinal anesthesia were selected. Patients were randomly divided into 4 equal groups according to table of random numbers (created by Random Allocation Software 1).

NAFLD Prevalence in a Young Cadaveric Organ Donor Population.

Background: Liver transplantation is a critical survival point for patients with end stage liver diseases. It can dramatically increase patients' survival if the donor liver is intact. One aspect of liver health is absence of steatosis.

Role of clinical and paraclinical manifestations of methanol poisoning in outcome prediction.

Background: Methanol poisoning is one of the most important poisoning due to drinking of illegal and non-standard alcoholic beverage in some countries. Relatively limited studies have been carried out to identify the prognostic factors in methanol poisoning.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective study on acute methanol-intoxicated patients, which were admitted on the Loghman Hakim Hospital Poison Center (Tehran, Iran) over a 24-month period.

Effects of a flash of light in different colors on venous cannulation pain: a randomized, controlled trial.

Study Objective: To determine the effects of a flash of light in different colors on the frequency and severity of pain during venous cannulation.

Design: Double-blinded, randomized controlled study.

Setting: Operating room of a university hospital.

Comparison of combined femoral nerve block and spinal anesthesia with lumbar plexus block for postoperative analgesia in intertrochanteric fracture surgery.

Background: Hip fracture-related pain both before and after surgery is generally reported as severe by most patients. Various regional pain control modalities have been described in order to reduce pain in these patients.

Objectives: Because of the challenges of lumbar plexus block (LPB) and the fact that the effect of combined femoral nerve block/spinal anesthesia in controlling pain after orthopedic surgeries has not been investigated, in this study, we compared the feasibility and efficacy of the 2 techniques in the perioperative management of proximal hip fractures.

Comparison of topical anesthetic cream (EMLA) and diclofenac suppository for pain relief after hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: We compared the efficacy and side effects of diclofenac and a topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) for pain relief after hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods: Ninety patients, nominated for elective hemorrhoidectomy, were recruited for this randomized clinical trial and were randomly categorized into three groups (30 patients in each group). After surgery, the patients in the first group received one 100 mg diclofenac suppository, those in the second group received 5 g of EMLA, and those in the third group received 5 g of petrolatum ointment (control group).

Dissociative conscious sedation, an alternative to general anesthesia for laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation: a randomized trial comparing intravenous and subcutaneous ketamine.

Unlabelled: Laparoscopy is an effective method of implantation for peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters. Use of the laparoscopic technique is increasing because of its potential advantages over other techniques. In most patients, selection for PD is based on negative criteria, and because of the need for general anesthesia, the laparoscopic technique can be life-threatening in these patients.

Comparison of atracurium and "mini-dose" succinylcholine for preventing succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculations: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Unlabelled: Several drugs have been used to prevent or attenuate succinylcholine- induced muscle fasciculations. There are possible advantages to succinylcholine pretreatment. We designed the present study to compare the effectiveness of atracurium versus "mini-dose" (5 mg) succinylcholine pretreatment for the prevention of muscle fasciculations.

Succinylcholine-induced myalgia in obstetric patients scheduled for caesarean section--diclofenac vs placebo patches.

Background: Succinylcholine-induced myalgia is a minor but frequent complication. Its incidence and severity is different according to the studied population. The aim of this study was evaluation of the diclofenac patch effect on postoperative succinylcholine-related myalgia in cesarean section.

Effects of diclofenac epolamine patch on postoperative sore throat in parturients after cesarean delivery under endotracheal general anesthesia.

Background: Postoperative sore throat is a common problem. The efficacy of topical application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in alleviating postoperative sore throat has not been established. Our aim was to evaluate the analgesic effects of diclofenac epolamine patch on postoperative sore throat.

Successful treatment of acute aluminium phosphide poisoning: possible benefit of coconut oil.

Aluminium phosphide is used to control rodents and pests in grain storage facilities. It produces phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison. Unfortunately, there is no known antidote for aluminium phosphide intoxication, but our recent experience with a case showed that rapid prevention of absorption by coconut oil might be helpful.