Current Guidelines for the Implementation of Flywheel Resistance Training Technology in Sports: A Consensus Statement.

Background: Flywheel resistance training has become more integrated within resistance training programs in a variety of sports due to the neuromuscular, strength, and task-specific enhancements reported with this training.

Objective: This paper aimed to present the consensus reached by internationally recognized experts during a meeting on current definitions and guidelines for the implementation of flywheel resistance training technology in sports.

Methods: Nineteen experts from different countries took part in the consensus process; 16 of them were present at the consensus meeting (18 May 2023) while three submitted their recommendations by e-mail.

Muscle Contractile Properties Measured at Submaximal Electrical Amplitudes and Not at Supramaximal Amplitudes Are Associated with Repeated Sprint Performance and Fatigue Markers.

Background: The present study analyzes the associations between the muscle contractile properties (MCP) measured at different neuromuscular electrical stimulation amplitudes (NMESa) and the performance or transient fatigue after a bout of repeated sprints.

Methods: Seventeen physically active male subjects performed six repeated sprints of 30 m with 30 s of passive recovery. Capillary blood creatine kinase (CK) concentration, knee extension or flexion isometric peak torque, tensiomyography, and repeated sprint performance were assessed.

Strength Training in Professional Soccer: Effects on Short-sprint and Jump Performance.

Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of strength training to maximize soccer player performance during competition. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effects of different strength training protocols on short-sprint and vertical jump performance of professional soccer players from the first division of their countries. The following inclusion criteria were employed for the analysis: (a) randomized studies; (b) high validity and reliability instruments; (c) studies published in a high-quality peer-reviewed journal; (d) studies involving professional soccer players from the first division; (e) studies with descriptions of strength training programs; and (f) studies where countermovement jump and 10-m sprint time were measured pre and post training.

Effects of Different Inertial Load Settings on Power Output using a Flywheel Leg Curl Exercise and its Inter-Session Reliability.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the inertial load on both concentric and eccentric power output production during the flywheel leg curl exercise, and to assess the reliability of power output variables. Sixteen participants (8 males, 8 females) attended 4 testing sessions. During testing, participants performed one set of eight repetitions using a specific inertial load (0.

Improved Muscle Strength, Muscle Power, and Physical Function After Flywheel Resistance Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Sañudo, B, de Hoyo, M, and McVeigh, JG. Improved muscle strength, muscle power, and physical function after flywheel resistance training in healthy older adults: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 252-258, 2022-This study aimed to examine whether flywheel resistance exercise training improved muscle strength, muscle power, and physical function in older adults.

Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer.

The aims of this study were to analyse the effect of chronic strength training over concentric power (CON), eccentric power (ECC), ECC/CON ratio, and 20 m linear sprint performance in elite young soccer players. Twenty young elite Spanish soccer players were assigned to an experimental group (CPG) which performed a front-step exercise using a conical pulley, 2-3 sets of 6 repetitions each leg, during 9 weeks (CPG, n=10) in addition to its usual strength training, or to a control group (CG, n=10). The improvements in the ECC mean power (36%, ES=1.

The effects of detraining and retraining periods on fat-mass and fat-free mass in elite male soccer players.

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a detraining period (DTP) (i.e., off-season) with an individually prescribed training program, and a retraining period (RTP) (i.

Effect of Flywheel Resistance Training on Balance Performance in Older Adults. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to assess the effects of flywheel resistance exercise training on postural stability and mobility in older adults and to investigate whether changes in power are related to improvements in balance. Thirty-six participants were randomly allocated to either a flywheel resistance exercise training group (ETG; n = 18) who underwent 6-weeks of training (2 to 3 days per week) or a control group (CON; n = 18). The average power and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) were computed.

Predicting Loading Intensity Measuring Velocity in Barbell Hip Thrust Exercise.

de Hoyo, M, Núñez, FJ, Sañudo, B, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Muñoz-López, A, Romero-Boza, S, Otero-Esquina, C, Sánchez, H, and Nimphius, S. Predicting loading intensity measuring velocity in barbell hip thrust exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2075-2081, 2021-The barbell hip thrust is an increasingly used exercise to target the hip extensors.

Use of Individual Relative Thresholds to Assess Acceleration in Young Soccer Players According to Initial Speed.

Martínez-Cabrera, FI, Núñez-Sánchez, FJ, Losada, J, Otero-Esquina, C, Sánchez, H, and De Hoyo, M. Use of individual relative thresholds to assess acceleration in young soccer players according to initial speed. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1110-1118, 2021-The aims of the current study were (a) to analyze the characteristics of acceleration efforts using individual relative thresholds according to the initial speed during official matches in elite young soccer players according to player position and (b) to compare the differences between absolute and relative thresholds in assessing high-intensity acceleration.

New Tool to Control and Monitor Weighted Vest Training Load for Sprinting and Jumping in Soccer.

Carlos-Vivas, J, Freitas, TT, Cuesta, M, Perez-Gomez, J, De Hoyo, M, and Alcaraz, PE. New tool to control and monitor weighted vest training load for sprinting and jumping in soccer. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3030-3038, 2019-The purpose of this study was to develop 2 regression equations that accurately describe the relationship between weighted vest loads and performance indicators in sprinting (i.

Analysis of the acceleration profile according to initial speed and positional role in elite professional male soccer players.

Background: The aim of the current study was to analyze the acceleration profile in elite professional soccer players according to their initial speed but also considering players' position.

Methods: Players' accelerations profiles were analyzed using a relative acceleration profile according to the initial speed (S1, from 0 to 7 km/h; S2, from 7.1 to 14.

A systematic review of the exercise effect on bone health: the importance of assessing mechanical loading in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Objective: The aims of this systematic review were to determine the general effects of exercise on areal bone mineral density (BMD) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, and to provide information on the most suitable bone-loading exercise regimens that may improve bone health in this population group.

Methods: A computerized, systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and The Cochrane Library, from January 2005 to November 2015, to identify all randomized controlled trials related to exercise in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The initial search identified 915 studies, with a final yield of 10 studies.

Effects of 10-week eccentric overload training on kinetic parameters during change of direction in football players.

The aim of the current study was to analyse the effect of 10-week eccentric overload training on kinetic parameters during change of direction (COD) in U-19 football players. The outcome measured included relative peak braking (rPB) and propulsive force (rPF), contact time (CT), time spent during braking (BT) and propulsive phase (PT), relative total (rTOT_IMP), braking (rB_IMP) and propulsive (rP_IMP) impulses. Between-group results showed a substantial better improvement (likely) in CT (ES: 0.

Comparative Effects of In-Season Full-Back Squat, Resisted Sprint Training, and Plyometric Training on Explosive Performance in U-19 Elite Soccer Players.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 3 different low/moderate load strength training methods (full-back squat [SQ], resisted sprint with sled towing [RS], and plyometric and specific drills training [PLYO]) on sprinting, jumping, and change of direction (COD) abilities in soccer players. Thirty-two young elite male Spanish soccer players participated in the study. Subjects performed 2 specific strength training sessions per week, in addition to their normal training sessions for 8 weeks.

Effects of Traditional Versus Horizontal Inertial Flywheel Power Training on Common Sport-Related Tasks.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of power training using traditional vertical resistance exercises versus direction specific horizontal inertial flywheel training on performance in common sport-related tasks. Twenty-three healthy and physically active males (age: 22.29 ± 2.

Vagal modulation and symptomatology following a 6-month aerobic exercise program for women with fibromyalgia.

Objectives: To examine the effects of a supervised aerobic exercise programme on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and symptom severity in women with fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods: Thirty-two women with FM were randomly allocated to one of two groups: aerobic exercise (AE) or usual care control for 24 weeks. Women allocated to AE performed two aerobic exercise sessions per week of 45-60 min duration including 15-20 min of steady-state aerobic exercise at 60-65% of predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) and 15 min of interval training at 75-80% HRmax (six repetitions of 1.

Two new indexes for the assessment of autonomic balance in elite soccer players.

Purpose: The application of Poincaré-plot analysis to heart-rate variability (HRV) is a common method for the assessment of autonomic balance. However, results obtained from the indexes provided by this analysis tend to be difficult to interpret. In this study the authors aimed to prove the usefulness of 2 new indexes: the stress score (SS) and the sympathetic:parasympathetic ratio (S:PS ratio).

Validation of a Video Analysis Software Package for Quantifying Movement Velocity in Resistance Exercises.

Sañudo, B, Rueda, D, del Pozo-Cruz, B, de Hoyo, M, and Carrasco, L. Validation of a video analysis software package for quantifying movement velocity in resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2934-2941, 2016-The aim of this study was to establish the validity of a video analysis software package in measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and the maximal velocity during bench press.

Effects of a 10-week in-season eccentric-overload training program on muscle-injury prevention and performance in junior elite soccer players.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of an eccentric-overload training program (ie, half-squat and leg-curl exercises using flywheel ergometers) with individualized load on muscle-injury incidence and severity and performance in junior elite soccer players.

Methods: Thirty-six young players (U-17 to U-19) were recruited and assigned to an experimental (EXP) or control group (CON). The training program consisted of 1 or 2 sessions/wk (3-6 sets with 6 repetitions) during 10 wk.

Impact of an acute bout of vibration on muscle contractile properties, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase response.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a bout of whole body vibration (WBV) on muscle response and to determine whether this stimulus leads to muscle damage. Thirty healthy and physically active participants (mean ± SD; age: 21.8 ± 2.