KlRox1p contributes to yeast resistance to metals and is necessary for KlYCF1 expression in the presence of cadmium.

We have characterized the KlROX1 gene from Kluyveromyces lactis and verified that it does not regulate the hypoxic response in this yeast, oppositely to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue ScROX1. The KlROX1 promoter is not regulated by KlHap1p or KlRox1p in response to changes aerobiosis/hypoxia. Besides, KlRox1p expression only partially represses ScANB1 in S.

Glucose transporter expression and the potential role of fructose in renal cell carcinoma: A correlation with pathological parameters.

All mammalian cells contain one or more members of the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) gene family. Glucose transporter membrane proteins (GLUT) regulate the movement of glucose between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, maintaining a constant supply of glucose available for metabolism. Tumor cells are highly energy-dependent, therefore GLUT overexpression is often observed.

Potential role of sugar transporters in cancer and their relationship with anticancer therapy.

Sugars, primarily glucose and fructose, are the main energy source of cells. Because of their hydrophilic nature, cells use a number of transporter proteins to introduce sugars through their plasma membrane. Cancer cells are well known to display an enhanced sugar uptake and consumption.

Comprehensive lung injury pathology induced by mTOR inhibitors.

Interstitial lung disease is a rare side effect of temsirolimus treatment in renal cancer patients. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix collagen, fibroblast proliferation and migration, and loss of alveolar gas exchange units. Previous studies of pulmonary fibrosis have mainly focused on the fibroproliferative process in the lungs.

Wnt signalling and cancer stem cells.

Intracellular signalling mediated by secreted Wnt proteins is essential for the establishment of cell fates and proper tissue patterning during embryo development and for the regulation of tissue homeostasis and stem cell function in adult tissues. Aberrant activation of Wnt signalling pathways has been directly linked to the genesis of different tumours. Here, the components and molecular mechanisms implicated in the transduction of Wnt signal, along with important results supporting a central role for this signalling pathway in stem cell function regulation and carcinogenesis will be briefl y reviewed.

Hedgehog signalling as a target in cancer stem cells.

Hedgehog (Hh) is one of the most important signalling pathways. Together with the Wnt, TGF-Beta/BMP and Notch pathways, it is involved in both embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. This is because Hh plays a central role in the proliferative control and differentiation of both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.