Anatomical review of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle: a cadaveric study.

Arrangements of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are complex. Injuries to these ligaments can occur in the inverted planter flexed position of the ankle. Traditionally, the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the first ligament involved in such ankle injuries.

The meniscofemoral ligaments influence lateral meniscal motion at the human knee joint.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the meniscofemoral ligaments on lateral meniscal motion during flexion and extension of the human knee joint.

Methods: A cadaveric biomechanical study was performed. The effect of meniscofemoral ligament tension on the dynamics of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was determined by image analysis.

Relationship between hand-grip isometric strength and isokinetic moment data of the shoulder stabilisers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hand-grip (HG) isometric strength and isokinetic moment of the shoulder musculature in 18 healthy male volunteers. HG isometric strength at 0 degrees , 90 degrees and 180 degrees of shoulder flexion and isokinetic peak and average concentric moments of the shoulder rotators and abductors and the elbow flexors at 60 degrees s(-1) were measured on both the dominant and non-dominant sides. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed statistically significant positive relationships between HG isometric strength and isokinetic moments of the shoulder external rotators (r=0.

Analysis of meniscofemoral ligament tension during knee motion.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to show a functional role for the meniscofemoral ligaments (MFL) by analyzing MFL tension change through the full range of flexion and extension found at the human knee joint.

Methods: Ten fresh-frozen human knees containing both the anterior and posterior MFLs (aMFL and pMFL) were studied. An analysis of ligament tension during passive motion was undertaken using an isometric transducer.

The anatomy of the Achilles tendon.

The Achilles tendon is the strongest and largest tendon in the body. It is the conjoined tendon of the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles, and may have a small contribution from the plantaris. The muscles and the Achilles tendon are in the posterior, superficial compartment of the calf.

Relationship of the common peroneal nerve and its branches to the head and neck of the fibula.

The common peroneal nerve (CPN) lies on the neck of the fibula, which forms the floor of the so-called 'fibular tunnel.' The tunnel entrance is a musculo-aponeurotic arch derived from the soleus and peroneus longus muscles and it is here that the CPN is commonly compressed in cases of peroneal nerve palsy. This study aims to define the relationship of the CPN and its branches to the apex of the head of the fibula and to the tunnel, with special regard to possible sites of entrapment.

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome: the controversial "fifth" compartment of the leg.

Background: The existence of a "fifth" compartment in the leg capable of developing distinct chronic exertional compartment syndrome remains a subject of controversy.

Hypothesis: Specific pressure recordings and dissection will confirm or disprove the existence of a fifth compartment.

Study Design: Empirical anatomic study.

Suture-endobutton fixation of ankle tibio-fibular diastasis: a cadaver study.

Suture-Endobutton fixation is proposed as a minimally invasive, flexible fixation of ankle tibio-fibular diastasis, which would not require routine removal. This study tested the Suture-Endobutton construct in a cadaver syndesmosis injury model and compared this against A.O.

Successful intraosseous infusion in the critically ill patient does not require a medullary cavity.

Objectives: To demonstrate that successful intraosseous infusion in critically ill patients does not require bone that contains a medullary cavity.

Design: Infusion of methyl green dye via standard intraosseous needles into bones without medullary cavity-in this case calcaneus and radial styloid-in cadaveric specimens.

Setting: University department of anatomy.