Pharmacokinetics of long-term sufentanil infusion for sedation in ICU patients.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of long-term infusion of sufentanil in ICU patients.

Design And Setting: Open-label study in a surgical intensive care unit.

Patients: Ten consecutive patients without renal or hepatic failure requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 6 days.

Pilot study on the effect of tourniquet use on sufentanil pharmacokinetics.

Study Objective: To test our hypothesis that sequestration of sufentanil can occur during surgery when a pneumatic tourniquet is used.

Design: Prospective, randomized study.

Setting: Operating room and recovery room of a university hospital.

Performance of target-controlled sufentanil infusion in obese patients.

Background: Because obesity might affect pharmacokinetic parameters, the authors evaluated the accuracy of target-controlled sufentanil infusion in morbidly obese patients using a pharmacokinetic model usually applied to a normal-weight population.

Methods: Target-controlled propofol and sufentanil coinfusions were administered to 11 morbidly obese patients (body mass index: 45.0 +/- 6.

Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole oral solution in neutropenic children during long-term prophylaxis.

We investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of an oral solution of itraconazole in two groups of neutropenic children stratified by age. Effective concentrations of itraconazole in plasma were reached quickly and maintained throughout treatment. The results indicate a trend toward higher concentrations of itraconazole in plasma in older children.

Pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole and dextromethorphan oxidation capacity in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction and healthy volunteers.

Aims: The primary objective of this study was to determine how the pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole, an investigational drug with specific effects on memory and learning abilities, are affected by chronic liver disease. Since sabeluzole is metabolised by CYP2D6, a secondary objective was to study the correlation between CYP2D6 activity (as assessed by the dextromethorphan dextrorphan metabolic ratio) and hepatic dysfunction.

Methods: The single-dose pharmacokinetics of sabeluzole (10 mg) was compared in 10 healthy Caucasian subjects and 10 patients with severe hepatic dysfunction.

Fentanyl versus sufentanil: plasma concentrations during continuous epidural postoperative infusion in children.

No pharmacokinetic data are available with respect to the plasma concentrations and fentanyl or sufentanil during epidural administration in children. This double-blind randomized study included 12 children (5-12 yr). Patients in group F were given an epidural loading dose of fentanyl 1.

Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole oral solution in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients receiving total body irradiation.

A prospective study of the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole solution was performed in 11 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT (day of BMT = day 0) after a conditioning regimen including total body irradiation (TBI). Itraconazole solution (400 mg once a day) was given 7 days before BMT and continued up to the end of neutropenia unless another antifungal treatment was necessary. Blood samples were collected before itraconazole intake (Cmin) and 4 h later (Cmax) every other day for assays of itraconazole (ITRA) and its active metabolite hydroxy-itraconazole (OH-ITRA).

The effects of meperidine and sufentanil on the shivering threshold in postoperative patients. pascal.alfonsi@apr.ap-hop-paris.fr.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND. Meperidine (pethidine) reportedly treats postoperative shivering better than equianalgesic doses of other mu-receptor agonists. The authors' first goal was to develop a method to accurately determine postoperative shivering thresholds, and then to determine the extent to which meperidine and sufentanil inhibit postoperative shivering.

Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole (oral solution) in two groups of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with oral candidiasis.

The pharmacokinetics of itraconazole formulated in a hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin oral solution was determined for two groups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with oral candidiasis (group A, 12 patients with CD4+ T-cell count of >200/mm3 and no AIDS, and group B, 11 patients with CD4+ T-cell count of <100/mm3 and AIDS). Patients received 100 mg of itraconazole every 12 h for 14 days. Concentrations of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole, the main active metabolite, were measured in plasma and saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Hepatic disposition of alfentanil and sufentanil in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

Alfentanil and sufentanil are used in the anesthetic management of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and are extensively metabolized by the liver. We examined the influence of OLT on the removal of these opioids. 14 patients undergoing OLT were given either alfentanil (40 micrograms/kg intravenous [IV] bolus) or sufentanil (5 micrograms/kg IV bolus) during the induction of anesthesia, followed by infusion during surgery (1 microgram.

Pharmacokinetic study and cardiovascular monitoring of nebivolol in normal and obese subjects.

Objective: The pharmacokinetics of a single i.v. dose of the new racemic beta-adrenoceptor-blocker nebivolol [0.

Determination of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

A method for the determination of risperidone and its active metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone in human plasma has been developed. The procedure involved a multi-step liquid-liquid extraction with an internal standard. The parent drug and its metabolite were separated on a cyano column used in the reversed-phase model.

[Peroperative perfusion of fentanyl or sufentanil: plasma concentrations and postoperative respiratory changes].

This study was designed to assess postoperatively the time course of respiratory depression due to fentanyl (F) or sufentanil (S), as well as the plasma concentrations. Seventy patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery lasting more than 3 hours were randomly assigned to two groups, F (n = 8) or S (n = 9). Anaesthesia was induced with etomidate (0.

[Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of etomidate in children and in adults].

Etomidate pharmacokinetics were compared in 12 children (P group) (age 7 to 13 years, weight 22 to 48 kg) and in 4 adult women (A group) (age 28 to 52 years, weight 46 to 72 kg), A.S.A.

Determination of low plasma concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol using gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS) allowed the detection of extremely low plasma concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG). Glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of MHPG were determined after enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma with beta-glucuronidase-arylsulphatase. A 1-ml plasma sample was extracted at the pH of the hydrolysis (pH 4.

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of 14C-labelled toloxatone and its metabolites.

A method for the analytical and micropreparative separation of toloxatone and its urinary metabolites in man is described. Toloxatone was given as an aqueous solution and was labelled with 14C. Following solvent extraction of urine, before and after enzymatic hydrolysis, one-step thin-layer chromatography on silica gel in combination with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, gave a good micropreparative separation for mass spectrometric analysis.

Gas--liquid chromatographic determination of toloxatone in human plasma. Routine analysis of a wide range of drug concentrations using a nitrogen-selective detector.

A selective and sensitive gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been developed for the measurement of toloxatone at therapeutic concentrations in plasma. The technique is based on a single extraction from plasma at pH 10, the preparation of a trimethylsilyl derivative and detection by a nitrogen-selective detector. The traditional calibration curve, peak-area ratio of toloxatone to internal standard versus toloxatone plasma concentration, was slightly concave for the wide concentration considered (10-3000 ng/ml).